Conscience

Question 1

Aquinas’s 3 parts of conscience

Answer 1

Ratio
Synderesis
Conscientia

Question 2

What is ratio

Answer 2

Our reason. working things out, not just comprehension

Question 3

What is Synderesis

Answer 3

focusing on good and avoiding evil

Question 4

What is Conscientia

Answer 4

Applying ratio and synderesis together. The action we do.

Question 5

What does Hannah Arendt argue

Answer 5

When norms of society become immoral, you must reject them

Question 6

What is Aquinas’s types of ignorance

Answer 6

Invincible Ignorance
Vincible Ignorance

Question 7

Who are the main scholars in the conscience topic (4)

Answer 7

St Thomas Aquinas (Aquinas)
Sigmund Freud (Freud)
Eric Fromm (Fromm)
Cardinal John Henry Newman (Newman)

Question 8

What is Invincible Ignorance

Answer 8

lack of knowledge, which you aren’t responsible for. Not your fault

Question 9

Example of Invincible Ignorance in action

Answer 9

Man sleeps with another woman who he thinks is his wife. Would be seen as adultery but because he had lack of knowledge (invincible ignorance) it’s okay

Question 10

What is Vincible Ignorance

Answer 10

Lack of knoweldge which a person is responsible for. It is your fault

Question 11

What does Cardinal Newman say

Answer 11

“I toast the pope, but i toast my conscience first”

Question 12

What does Newman mean by “I toast…”

Answer 12

Conscience has higher authority than church teaching and should be followed first.

Conscience is divine law given by God

Question 13

Criticism to Aquinas’s description of conscience

Answer 13

fails to acknowledge social, political and environmental aspects that change people’s moral decison making

Question 14

What does Pope Benedict XVI talk about

Answer 14

Dangers of following the crowd.

“The quiet voice of conscience is drowned out by the cries of the crowd”

Question 15

What does St Paul say

Answer 15

“(God’s) law are written in our hearts”

Question 16

What does St Jerome say

Answer 16

Conscience enables us to distinguish between good and evil

“The spark of conscience by which we discern we sin”

Question 17

What does guilt mean for Newman

Answer 17

Guilt happens when we don’t follow God’s orders

Question 18

Sigmund Freud Psychological development stages Abreviation

Answer 18

OAP’s Likes Guinness

Question 19

OAP’s Like Guinness meaning

Answer 19

O- Oral
A- Anal
P- Phallic
L- Latency
G- Genital

Question 20

Oral meaning

Answer 20

sucking or swallowing (0-1 years)

Question 21

Anal meaning

Answer 21

expelling (1-3 years)

Question 22

Phallic meaning

Answer 22

Masturbation (3-6 years)

Question 23

Latency meaning

Answer 23

Absence of sexual motivation (6 to puberty)

Question 24

Genital meaning

Answer 24

sexual intercourse (puberty to adulthood)

Question 25

What 3 parts of the mind connect to our conscience, according to Freud

Answer 25

Unconscious mind- repressed thoughts or feelings Conscious mind- thoughts the person actually has Preconscious mind- Memories

Question 26

What are the 3 parts of the personality, according to Freud

Answer 26

Id Ego Super-Ego

Question 27

What is the Id

Answer 27

The driving force for all behaviour is influenced by survival and sexual desires. Pleasure principle e.g Food

Question 28

What is the Ego

Answer 28

What we show the world. Reality principle

Question 29

An example to describe the relationship between the Id and the Ego according to Freud

Answer 29

A rider controls the horse. Rider = Ego Horse = Id

Question 30

What is the Super-Ego

Answer 30

The right vs wrong. This part can be influenced by others. e.g. parents telling you a rule to follow and you following that rule gives you pride. The stronger the Super-Ego, the stronger you are at rule following

Question 31

What are the 2 conscience's that Fromm brings up

Answer 31

Authoritarian conscience Humanistic conscience

Question 32

What's the Authoritarian conscience

Answer 32

Conscience that is influenced by external authority

Question 33

What's the Humanistic conscience

Answer 33

The idea that as we get older, our reason develops and gets stronger over time

Question 34

What are the 3 case studies to support Fromm

Answer 34

Westboro Baptist Church Milgrim Experiment Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 35

What would the Westboro Baptist Church do

Answer 35

They would go out and discriminate against Gay people and soldiers, not showing love or kindness

Question 36

What is the Milgram Experiment

Answer 36

It gathered some of the public and made them teachers, testing whether an authority (scientist) can manipulate their conscience and tell them to inflict lethal fake shocks to the student if an answer was wrong. 65% failed.

Question 37

What was the Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 37

People would take roles, being either Guard or Prisoner. Guards would act brutally and harshly, whereas the Prisoner would act submissively

Question 38

Why is conscience an umbrella term

Answer 38

It involves other factors like: - Environment - Culture - Economic - Education

Question 39

Why is it not an Umbrella term

Answer 39

Aquinas: Involves the ratio, synderesis and conscientia Freud: Involves the Id, the Ego and the Super-Ego

Question 40

Guilt according to Aquinas

Answer 40

Guilt is there to restore a relationship with God when you make a mistake

Question 41

Guilt according to Freud