Conservatism

Question 1

What was traditional conservatism in response to

Answer 1

The french revolution

Question 2

Who largely founded traditional conservatism

Answer 2

Edward Burke

Question 3

What does traditional conservatism say about change

Answer 3

Favour reform over revolution as it is ignorant to follow possible ideology over current evidence

Question 4

Traditional conservatism: The economy

Answer 4

Liberal economics influenced by adam smith- laissez faire free markets

Question 5

Traditional conservatism: Human nature

Answer 5

Humans are naturally greedy and self interested as well as deeply flawed

Question 6

Traditional conservatism: Society

Answer 6

Must be grown organically as it has historically been

must be led by intellectual and aristocratic representatives

Question 7

Traditional conservatism: State

Answer 7

t is a necessary evil to prevent harm. paternalism is needed in society as humans are flawed

the state knows best and should therefore decide on policy

authoritarian approach

Question 8

One nation conservatism: Society

Answer 8

Noblesse oblige- Ruling class have an obligation of care over the disadvantaged embrace class status

however act as one united front

defending institution and imperialism

Question 9

One nation conservatism: The state

Answer 9

Enforce the welfare state, should enable social cohesion

establish institutions to preserve liberty

Question 10

One nation conservatism: Economy

Answer 10

Free market and individualistic however with a frame work of social responsibillity

designed to benefit the whole nation

Question 11

Why did Disraeli say that noblesse oblige was necessary

Answer 11

Given the ruling class became indifferent to suffering there would be social revolution of low classes

Question 12

Who were two key figures in one nation conservatism

Answer 12

Disraeli and Oakeshott

Question 13

What acts did the one nation conservatism approach lead to

Answer 13

The second great reform act 1867 and other that favoured workers and the ‘ordinary person’

Question 14

What was Disraeli fearful of

Answer 14

britain had become divided into the rich an the poor

Question 15

Where did the new right originate

Answer 15

America

Question 16

New Right: Economy

Answer 16

Liberal ideals of free markets and a laissez faire economy

Question 17

New Right: Society

Answer 17

We need social conservation to maintain old values as society has become permissive

Question 18

What did neoliberalism suggest one nation conservatism caused Economic decline

Answer 18

dependancy culture

and a permissive society

Question 19

New Right: How to solve the issues left by one nation conservatism

Answer 19

Strip back welfare reinstate moral regeneration and free market economics

Question 20

What is the difference between neoliberalism and neo- conservatism

Answer 20

Neo liberalism is concerned with economics while Neoconservatives believe in enforcing law and old morals

Question 21

What are 4 key aspects of neo conservatism

Answer 21

Law and order enforcement, defence spending, Strict foreign policy, Anti-immigration.

antipermissiveness and anti immigration

Question 22

What are the three features of Hobbe’s human nature

Answer 22

Irrational, morally imperfect and psych imperfect

Question 23

Hobbes: Why do we have imperfection

Answer 23

Our instinctual desire for power nd distrustfulness

Question 24

Hobbes:What is the state of nature

Answer 24

Before the existence of the state, where life consisted of pure anarchy

Question 25

Hobbes:Quote on life before state

Answer 25

'Life was, nasty, brutish and short'

Question 26

Hobbes: Role of state

Answer 26

The state should be an absolute monarchy who determine the rights of the people

Question 27

Hobbes: What is the one good part of human nature

Answer 27

We naturally seek a social contract

Question 28

Hobbes: What was his idea of a social contract

Answer 28

Surrendering autononmy in turn for authority

Question 29

Burke: Human nature

Answer 29

Human nature is imperfect, but not to a Hobbesian extent, although we have poor rationality, we are also naturally communal and seek to form a society

Question 30

Burke: Belief about change

Answer 30

It must be done very cautiously, and built on empricism, however we must change to conserve

Question 31

Empiricism

Answer 31

The belief that we should not be guided by abstract ideals, but historical evidence

Question 32

Burke: Why does he believe we must be cautious of change

Answer 32

Human rationallity is imperfect, and therefore misguided by abstract ideals

Question 33

Burke: French revolution

Answer 33

Disagreed with it as it discarded empiricism for utopian ideals

Question 34

What was Oakeshott's belief about society

Answer 34

It must be developed organically, rather than via state intervention

Question 35

What did Oakeshott say about change

Answer 35

Nirvana from a utopian society is unattainable, we must maintain customs

Question 36

What was Oakeshott's politics of faith

Answer 36

Humans are naturally incapable of rationalism

Question 37

Oakeshott: Politics of scepticism

Answer 37

Society is unpredictable, and any rational theories generally simplify complexity, and lead to issues in society. THerefore we should favour tradition and customs

Question 38

Hobbes: state proceeds..

Answer 38

Society

Question 39

What did Burke say about natural rights

Answer 39

Natural rights are dependant on enforcement by the state, and are therefore abstract ideals. This means that they caus instabillity when used to rule

Question 40

What are 'little plattoons', said by Burke

Answer 40

They are small secular groups, which provide identiy and prevent alienation through government overreach

Question 41

How do Oakeshott and Burke differ from Hobbes

Answer 41

They believe in ideals from the glorious revolution, which limit monarch power

Question 42

Burke: Ruling class

Answer 42

Aristocracy should lead as they are wiser and stronger

Question 43

What does Oakshott say about the fall tradition

Answer 43

Following the decline of christianity (traditional morality), these morals were replaced by harmful abstract ideals

Question 44

Burke: quote about society and tradition

Answer 44

'Society is a partnership between the lviing, the dead and those yet to be born

Question 45

What did traditional conservatives belueve about paternalism

Answer 45

Noblesse oblige is a paternal responsibillity for the privileged

Question 46

What are the key features of libertarianism

Answer 46

Negative freedom and minimal state intervention

Question 47

Burke: economic

Answer 47

Adam smith economics- laissez faire and free market

Question 48

Ayn Rand: Society

Answer 48

Society is non existent, but atomistic and consisting of self interested and self sufficient individuals

Question 49

What two speakers reject empiricism

Answer 49

Rand and Nozick

Question 50

What was Rand's egotistical individualism

Answer 50

The freedom and rights of the individual override the rights of the state

Question 51

What do neolibs suggest about noblesse oblige

Answer 51

It prevents learning from mistakes, society should be purely meritocratic

Question 52

Nozic: Quote about tax

Answer 52

'Tax is theft'

Question 53

Rand: Human nature

Answer 53

Rational

Question 54

Rand: What is the highest moral purpose and what does that justify

Answer 54

Personal happinness, therefore we should be self interested

Question 55

Rand: Economic

Answer 55

Free market economics, and minimal role of state

Question 56

Rand: Objectivism

Answer 56

Those who live under negative freedom are more able to comprehend reality and reach self fulfillment

Question 57

Nozick: STATE

Answer 57

We should have a minarchist state, with minimal interference, only protecting our rights

Question 58

What controversial ideals would of Nozick agreed with

Answer 58

Sexual liberation and drug use