Contagious disease

Question 1

Contagious disease

1) Rothschild: Treponemal disease :

Answer 1

1) stated that treponemal diseae originated in africa as yawn and then it spread to europe and asia.

Question 2

Treponematoses

Answer 2

1) the first to be cured

Question 3

treponematoses: geographic distribution

Answer 3

yaws

Question 4

history of treponema

Answer 4

• unlikely killer, could have been washed off by soap.
• only organism that came across the Bering Strait.
• Killed by heat/ not susceptible to cold .
• salt solution would have killed it

Question 5

The Treponemal disease

- “ unitarian theory”

Answer 5

• theory states that the disease was caused solely by treponema pallidum

Question 6

geographic distribution of treponematoses

Answer 6

1) yaws
- old world tropics
2) endemic syphilis
- old world, warm temperate zones
3) pinta
- new world tropics
4) Veneral syphilis
- everywhere

Question 7

theories of the origin of syphilis

Answer 7

Pre-Columbian Theory - the disease first emerged in Europe long before Columbus

Columbian Theory – the disease was long present in New World only, and was brought to Europe by Columbus - but, pandemic ?

Rothschild: T. pallidum first appeared in E. Africa 1.5 ya and spread into Europe and Asia; venereal syphilis first appeared in New World c. 2,000 ya., but pandemic ?

Question 8

veneral disease

Answer 8

• mutation from yaws

- first appeared in c. 100 in the american southwest `

Question 9

world history of treponematoses

Answer 9

• european history
  a) columbus returned in march 1493 then entered barcelona in april 20th 1493
  b) people on the deck said that the crew was sick and the pilot was dead
  c) local outbreak , restricted epidemic of syphils
  d) invasion of naples, which had many prostitutes and they were very mobile.
  e) brought the disease from barcelona

Question 10

progress of disease

Answer 10

1) treponeme first enters blood vessels through cut or abrasion
2) blood vessel dies
3) surrounding tissue dies ( necrosis)
4) decaying tissues produce ( toxins)
5) toxins destroy sking and bone = ( caries sicca gumma)
6) regeneration ( in some areas)

Question 11

osseotype

Answer 11

skeletal manifestation of diseaase

Question 12

veneral syphilis

Answer 12

1) caries sicca [gumma, pl. gummata]
2) periostitis
3) osteomyelitis
4) dactylitis

Question 13

congenital syphilis

Answer 13

1) Hutchinsons incisors
2) mulberry molars
3) saddle- nose