Contraception

Question 1

• postioned in mid corpus or fundus of UT
• Lippes Loop,Safety coil, Copper T, Mirena - Hormonal
• Sono-echogenic , reflective device with artifacts

Answer 1

Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUD)

Question 2

• Synthetic agents that inhibit ovulation & contain both progestin & estrogen
• Endo growth S/B suppressed, but may alter appearance of OV & UT
o Normal endo = single hypo line
o Thick, secretory endo = inadequate progesterone
o Thin endo = inadequate progesterone & estrogen

Answer 2

Oral contraceptive pills (OCP)

Question 3

• Anovulation & abnormal ovulation
• Tubal adhesions or transport factors (hydrosalpinx)
• Endometriosis
• UT anomalies or myomas
• PCOS (polycystic OV) & other diseases

Answer 3

Infertility – affects 1 in 7 couples, 40% female factors

Question 4

• Clomiphene Citrate (Clomid, Serophone) - pill for women w/ infreq. Periods or long menstrual cycles
• Gonadotropins ( Repronex, Follistim, Bravelle, Pergonal & GonalF)- injected meds used to induce egg release after follicles develop & egg matures
• Glucophage (Metformin)- given as insulin lowering medication commonly for PCOS to reverse endocrine abnormalities usually w/in 2-3 months
• Parlodel –lowers prolatin levels & reduces pituitary tumors if present

Answer 4

Ovulation Induction

Question 5

• Follicles aspirated for IVF when 18-24 mm
• IVF (in vitro fertilization)- 2-4 embryos placed into UT
• ZIFT (zygote Intrafallopian tube transfer)- embryo/zygote places in fallopian tube
• GIFT (gamete Intrafallopian tube transfer) – sperm & ova are placed in fallopian tube
• Intrauterine Insemination- used fro male infertility, to place sperm into UT

Answer 5

Ovulation Monitoring

Question 6

• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHS)- excess stimulation
o Bilateral, Lg. simple cysts > 5 cm resembles theca-lutein cysts
• Multiple gestations can complicate maternal & fetal well-being & cost $$$

Answer 6

Infertility complication