Contraception

Question 1

Examples of mechanical barriers

4

Answer 1

• condom
• femidom
• diaphragm
• cervical cup

Question 2

Condom

2

Answer 2

• made from rubber latex
• prevents sperm from entering women

Question 3

Condom pros

2

Answer 3

• effective
• protection against STI’s

Question 4

Condom cons

2

Answer 4

• can slip off and tear
• used incorrectly often

Question 5

Femidom

2

Answer 5

• lubricated polyutherane sheath
• lines vagina on one end and closed over cervix

Question 6

Femidom pros

2

Answer 6

• effective
• STI protection

Question 7

Femidom cons

1

Answer 7

not always correctly used

Question 8

Diaphragm

contraceptive

2

Answer 8

• thin rubber cap that sits across top of vagina as a barrier
• some have spermacide

Question 9

Diaphram and cervical cup con

3

Answer 9

• less effective than condoms
• difficult to insert
• must be sized by doctor

Question 10

Spermacide

2

Answer 10

Immobilises and kills sperm

form bubbles of CO2 when reacts with moisture in vagina, which also acts as a barrier to sperm

Question 11

Cervical cup

Answer 11

• similar to diaphragm but fits directly over cervix

Question 12

Examples of hormonal barriers

Answer 12

• IUD (hormonal and copper)
• Vaginal ring
• Pills (combined, mini, morning after and male pills)

Question 13

Hormonal IUD

2

Answer 13

• synthetic progesterone injected in upper arm or buttock
• prevents ovulation by altering hormone levels

Question 14

Hormonal IUD pros

2

Answer 14

• lasts 12 weeks
• works same way as mini pill

Question 15

IUD cons

4

Answer 15

• uses synthetic hormones
• must be inserted with doctor
• no protection against STI’s
• may cause bleeding at mensturation

Question 16

Implanon

2

Answer 16

• capsule that is implanted in upper arm and diffuses progesterone into body
• lasts for 3 years

Question 17

Copper IUD

a.k.a. the coil

4

Answer 17

• small device made of plastic and often copper
• inserted into uterus
• slowly produces synthetic progesterone
• alters endometrium and produces thick sticky mucus

Question 18

Copper IUD pros

3

Answer 18

• lasts 5-10 years
• can be removed any time
• very effective

Question 19

Vaginal ring

Answer 19

• delivers low levels oesterogen and progesterone
• inserted in vagina

Question 20

Why might some people use the vaginal ring or IUD’s instead of pills

Answer 20

don’t have to take a pill everyday

Question 21

Combined pill

what it does and 3 effects

Answer 21

• contain synthetic progesterone and oesterogen
• prevents ovulation
• causes mucus to become thick and sticky -> prevents sperm movement
• alters endometrium so it’s less receptive to implantation

Question 22

Combined pill pro

Answer 22

very effective

Question 23

Combined pill cons

4

Answer 23

• synthetic hormones
• relies on women to take it regularly
• side effects
• prescription

Question 24

Mini pill

4

Answer 24

• synthetic progesterone
• makes cervical mucus thicker
• changes endometrium
• only sometimes prevents ovulation

Question 25

Mini pill pro

Answer 25

less synthetic hormone

Question 26

Mini pill con

Answer 26

effects only last 24 hours so has to be taken same time every day

Question 27

Morning after pill | 3

Answer 27

- progesterone - delays ovulation - sooner taken more effective

Question 28

Morning after pill pro | 2

Answer 28

- very effective - available over the counter

Question 29

Morning after pill con | 2

Answer 29

- large amounts of synthetic progesterone - no protection against STI's

Question 30

Male pill | 2

Answer 30

- **only in trial phases** - reduces sperm production by implanting testosterone and progesterone

Question 31

Natural methods | 5

Answer 31

- rhythm method - temp method - mucus method - symptothermal method - coitus interruptus

Question 32

Rhythm method | 1

Answer 32

abstain from sexual intercourse (periodic abstinence) between 4 days before and after ovulation

Question 33

Natural method pros | 3

Answer 33

- natural - cost free - religious reasons

Question 34

Natural method cons | 3

Answer 34

- not very reliable - no protection against STI's - relies on knowing ovulation times

Question 35

Temperature method | 2

Answer 35

- during ovulation, sharp drop in temp then rise - measuring temp every day can detect ovulation day

Question 36

Mucus method | 2

Answer 36

- before and after ovulation, mucus is cloudy and sticky - during ovulation, it is clear and slippery

Question 37

Symptothermal method | 2

Answer 37

uses a combintion of rhythm, temperature and mucus methods **bit more reliable than other natural method but not totally reliable**

Question 38

Coitus interruptus | 2

Answer 38

- a.k.a. withdrawal - removal of penis before ejaculation

Question 39

Coitus interruptus cons | 3

Answer 39

- requires male to have self-control - highly unreliable - sperm can still be in pre-ejeculation fluid

Question 40

Types of sterilisation methods | 2

Answer 40

- tubal ligation - vasectomy

Question 41

Tubal ligation | 1

Answer 41

removal of a small segment of each uterine tube

Question 42

Vasectomy | 1

Answer 42

removal of small segment of each vas deferens

Question 43

Sterilisation pro and con

Answer 43

pro: 100% reliable con: permanent

Question 44

Contraception definition

Answer 44

prevention of conception

Question 45

Diaphragm and cervical cup pros | 3

Answer 45

- doesn't affect period - can be used during period - can be inserted ahead of time

Question 46

Lactational amenorrhea pros | 4

Answer 46

- no side effects - free - very reliable - relgious reasons

Question 47

Lactational amenorrhea cons | 3

Answer 47

- relies fully on breastfeeding - effective only for 6 months - no protection against STI's