Which types of cancers do combined contraceptives decrease the risk of?
- Endometrial cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Colon cancer
Which type of cancers do combined contraceptives increase the risk of?
- Cervical cancer
- Breast cancer
History of these is a contraindication to having a Mirena
Which type of contraception can be used while breastfeeding (combined vs progestogen)
Progesterone-only contraceptives
pill, depot, implants, Mirena
Between combined and progestogen contraceptives, which is more easily reversible
Combined
How often should a copper vs Mirena coil be changed?
Copper (IUD): Change every 5-10 days
Mirena (IUS): Change every 5 years
How does the combined pill work
to prevent pregnancy
- Suppress FSH and LH -> prevent ovulation
- Thicken cervical mucus -> inhibits sperm transport
- Thins endometrium -> prevents implantation of fertilised egg
Between the combined and progesterone-only pill, which increases risk of VTE
Combined pill
Types of combined hormonal contraception (3 types)
- Combined pill
- Nuvaring
- Patches
Types of progesterone only contraception (4 types)
- Small pill
- Depot injection (every 12 weeks)
- Rod implant (every 3 years)
- Mirena (every 5 years)
Types of non-hormonal contraception (6 types)
- Family planning
- Condoms (M and F)
- Diaphragm and caps
- Spermicides
- Sterilisation (M and F)
- Copper coil
How does the copper coil/ IUD
to prevent pregnancy
Slow release of copper ->
thickens cervical mucus ->
difficult for sperm to reach egg, prevents implantation
How does the Mirena coil/ IUS
to prevent pregnancy
Slow release of progestogen ->
thickens mucus, alters utero-tubal fluid, suppresses endometrium ->
difficult for sperm to reach egg, prevents implantation
3 types of emergency contraception
- Levonelle (progesterone-only)
- Ullipristal acetate
- Copper coil/ IUD
Most effective type of emergency contraception
Copper coil/ IUD
How does Levonelle (progesterone-only morning after pill) work
Affects sperm function and endometrial receptiveness
If early in cycle, can prevent/ delay ovulation
How does Ullipristal acetate work. What is it used for
Selective progesterone receptor antagonist
Prevents/delays ovulation
May prevent implantation
How does copper coil/ IUD work as emergency contraception
Prevents implantations
When should Levonelle (progesterone-only morning after pill) be taken by
Best within 24h
No later than 72h
Important absolute contraindications to combined pill
- Migraine with aura
- Htn >160s or >95d
- VTE or thrombogenic mutation
- Stroke or IHD
- Breast feeding <6 weeks postpartum
