A) Central Nervous System (CNS)
- contains the brain and spinal cord
- coordinates all incoming and outgoing information
- controls; speaking, walking, eating
B) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS
- communicates between the CNS and the rest of the body
- divided to Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
- contains nerves of the skin, skeletal muscle and bone
- voluntary control
Autonomic Nervous System
- nerves which control internal organs
- involuntary
- divided to the sympathetic & parasympathetic systems
Sympathetic systems
- “fight or flight” system
- response to stress or emergencies
- body for quick action; This includes increasing heart rate, dilating the pupils, redirecting blood flow to the muscles, and releasing adrenaline.
Parasympathetic
- “rest and digest” system because it generally promotes relaxation and recovery from the stress
- slowing the heart rate, increasing intestinal and glandular activity, and promoting digestion.
Parts of neuron
Dendrite
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Branches
Synaptic Knob
Synapse
Dendrite
Branches of a Neuron that collect stimuli and transport them to cell body
Cell Body
- Part of axon that contains a nucleus
- Controls neuron activity
Nucleus
Contains DNA of the cell
Axon
Axon – cytoplasmic tail that carries the nerve impulse to other nerves or effector
Myelin sheath
- Myelin sheath -fatty covering along the axon
- speed up the rate of impulse transmission along the axon
Synapse
- contain a chemical (neurotransmitter) that passes the impulse from neuron to neuron
- transmit impulses in one direction only
Terminal branches
end of the axon, contain neurotransmitters, send messages
3 major parts of the brain
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
Cerebrum
- responsible for interpreting sensory information, thinking and planning, controlling voluntary activities
- is divided into 2 hemispheres (halves) connected by the corpus collosum to allow communication via the thalamus (relay station)
a) Left Hemisphere = controls language, math and the right side of the body
b) Right Hemisphere =controls emotions, creativity and left side of the body
Cerebellum
- behind the cerebrum
- responsible for balance, action of muscles and coordination of movement
Brain Stem (Medulla Oblongata)
- contains the vagus nerve which controls vital involuntary life processes such as breathing, heart rate, digestion
-cerebrospinal fluid protect the brain from injury
Pons
area of the brain stem responsible for relaying information between the PNS and CNS
4 Lobes of Cerebrum
Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Frontal lobe
responsible for voluntary movement, reasoning and judgment
Temporal lobe
responsible for hearing, language, memory and emotions
Parietal lobe
sensory information and association
Occipital lobe
vision and visual recognition
