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Adjacancy pair
The expected / suitable response in a conversation
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Back Channeling
Encouraging words or phatic interferences to convey engagement
For example: “mhm” “yeah” “nodding” “I see”
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Closing sequence
An indication that the turn-taking has come to an end.
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Discourse marker
A Word or phrase that sets a boundary of some kind: such as contrast, dis/agreement, focus.
For example: “To conclude” “No…” “Wait a second” “So as you can see”
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Elipsis
Grammatical abbreviation within speech that is still understandable.
For example: “[it is by the] roundabout, okay” “[does the] evening sound good?”
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Expressive
An utterance that expresses emotion/desire/need.
Example: “I really do wish he’d leave” “I’d love to go soon”
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False start
When the speaker repairs or recommences their utterance.
Example: “How did they- How are they doing.”
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Fillers / Voiced Pause
Phatic sounds / words used to fill silences or pauses during utterances.
Example: “uhh” “urmm” “ehh” “like”
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Fixed expressions
Overused expressions that are familiar and comforting rather than impactfull.
Example: ‘basically…’ ‘all of a sudden…’ ‘Raining cats and dogs’
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Flouting a maxim
When a Gricean maxim is flouted to cause implicature or inferred meaning.
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Hedging
Indirect words that don’t commit to a cause.
Example: “Probably” “Sort of” “Sometimes” “Kind of”
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Hesitation
Fillers / repitition / phatic words used to make time for thought or fill blanks.
Example: “W-e-ll” “You know” “Uh”
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Initiation
Opening a conversation (could indicate power / status)
Example: “Hi, would you mind answering a couple questions”
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Implicature
When a maxim is flouted it might create non-normative conversations and hidden meanings.
Example: “Don’t call us, we’ll call you” (we won’t call you)
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Marked / Un-marked utterances
Anything normative would be unmarked and anything non-normatived would be marked.
Example: “I’m going to see afemale doctor.” - Marked “How are you? Good thanks!” - Unmarked
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Non-verbal communication
Gestures that aid politeness or other relevent purposes in a conversation.
Example: Shaking hands, nodding, expressive gestures, smiling.
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Prosodic features
The way someone speaks that can change the effect or imapct of their phrase.
Example: Intonation, pace, emphasis, rhythm.
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Overlapping
An attempt to ‘take the floor’ of a conversation or a cooperative gesture to add to a conversation.
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Elision
Merging words together
Elision —» collision:
Example: “Do you wanna go there?”
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Pause
A gap in the speech that may allow interruption or aiding turn-taking
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Phatic communion
Empty small talk used to relate or socially bond with others.
Example: “Good weather today!” “ ‘morning!”
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Preffered response
Preferred responses / un-marked responses / the preferred adjacancy choice.
Example: **Have you done your homework? No ** - still works as an adjacancy pair but isn’t the preferred response —» leads to non-normative conversation
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Pre-sequencing
When the speaker introdroduces his conversation / softening bad or harsh news.
Example: “ I’ve got something to tell you…”
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Repair / Self-repair
When people correct themselves or others
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Common knowledge terminology71
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Conversational Key Terms5
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Other linguistic terms4
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Adjectives37
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Nouns9
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Verbs4
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Types of Verbs6
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Conversational Features30
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Micro features In-depth quiz12
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Spot the technique8
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Parallelism6
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Phonology & Orthography10
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Theorists8
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Grice's Maxims4
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Types of utterances6
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English techniques3
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Types of adjectives2
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IPA44
