Coordination and Control

Question 1

VIMLI

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

Answer 1

The cerebrum controls voluntary actions, intelligence, memory, learning, and interpretation of sensory information.

Question 2

What does the Cerebellum do?

Answer 2

Coordinates muscle movement, balance, and posture.

Question 3

What does the medulla oblongata do???

Answer 3

Controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heartbeat, and swallowing.

Question 4

What does the pituary gland do?

Answer 4

Secretes a variety of hormones,

Question 5

Differentiate between nerves and neurones

Answer 5

A neurone is a single nerve cell that transmits nerve impulses. A nerve is a bundle of neurones enclosed in a protective sheath.

Question 6

What are the two major properties off Neurones?

Answer 6

• Irritability. They can convert a stimulus into an electrical (nerve) impulse.
• Conductivity. They can transmit nerve impulses to other neurones, muscles or glands

Question 7

Explain the functions of motor and sensory neurones and spinal synapses

Answer 7

Sensory neurones transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS.
Motor neurones transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors such as muscles or glands.
A synapse is the junction between two neurones where impulses are transmitted using chemical neurotransmitters.

Question 8

What is a reflex action?

Answer 8

A reflex action is a rapid, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus.

Question 9

Explain the process by which voluntary actions occur

Answer 9

A voluntary action is a conscious movement controlled by the brain.
Nerve impulses originate in the cerebrum, pass through the spinal cord, and are transmitted by motor neurones to the effector muscles.

Question 9

Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary actions

Answer 9

Voluntary actions are consciously controlled and involve the cerebrum.
Involuntary actions are automatic and controlled by the medulla oblongata or autonomic nervous system.

Question 9

Explain the response of sense organs to stimuli

Answer 9

Sense organs detect stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses.

Question 10

Explain how images are formed in the eye

Answer 10

Light enters the eye through the cornea and lens and is focused on the retina, forming a real, inverted, and diminished image, which the brain interprets as upright.

Question 10

Explain accommodation in the eye

Answer 10

Accommodation is the ability of the eye to change the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects.

Question 11

Describe the causes of, and corrective measures for Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism & Cataract

Answer 11

Short-sightedness (myopia): Image forms in front of the retina; corrected with concave lenses.

Long-sightedness (hyperopia): Image forms behind the retina; corrected with convex lenses.

Astigmatism: Irregular curvature of cornea; corrected with cylindrical lenses.

Cataract: Increased eye pressure damaging the optic nerve ; corrected by surgical removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial intra-ocular lens, which restores clear vision.

Question 12

Diistinguish between endocrine and nervous control systems

Answer 12

The nervous system uses nerve impulses and produces rapid, short-term responses.
The endocrine system uses hormones carried in the blood and produces slower, long-lasting responses.

Question 13

Explain the roles of ADH, FSH, LH, thyroxine, insulin, glucagon, adrenaline

Answer 13

ADH: Regulates water balance in the body.
FSH: Stimulates follicle development in females and sperm production in males.
LH: Triggers ovulation and testosterone production.
Growth hormone: Stimulates growth and development.
Thyroxine: Regulates metabolism.
Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels.
Glucagon: Raises blood glucose levels.
Adrenaline: Prepares the body for emergencies