Copper

Question 1

How is copper absorbed?

Answer 1

Active transport and diffusion in small intestine

Ranges from 21-70% depending on availability

No mucosal block, but excess binds to metallothianien

Question 2

How is copper transported?

Answer 2

To the liver bound to albumin

From liver to cells bound to ceruloplasmin

Question 3

Where is copper stored?

Answer 3

Liver

Kidneys

Question 4

What is the function of copper?

Answer 4

• cofactor of copper superoxide dismutase (stop free radicals)
• cofactor in electron transport chain
• cross linking of elastin and collagen
• cofactor to ceruloplasmin: so helps oxidise Fe2+ to Fe3+ for transport. When copper is low the transport of iron from enterocytes will be low

Question 5

What is caused by a copper deficiency?

Answer 5

• Iron deficiency anemia
• hair loss and skin pigmentatoin
• loss of immune function
• neurological issues

Question 6

What is Menke’s disease?

Answer 6

A genetic disorder which interferes with copper transport

Question 7

What is Wilson’s disease?

Answer 7

Genetic disorder which allows the build up of copper levels which get deposited in the liver and eyes

Question 8

What are good sources of copper?

Answer 8

• oysters
• lentils
• walnuts