Core 2 - Factors Affecting Performance

Question 1

• Energy systems

Answer 1

• Alactacid system (ATP/PC)
• Lactic acid system
• Aerobic system

Question 2

• Types of training and training methods

Answer 2

• Aerobic, e.g. continuous, Fartlek, aerobic interval, circuit
• Anaerobic, e.g. anaerobic interval
• Flexibility, e.g. static, ballistic, PNF, dynamic
• Strength training, e.g. free/fixed weights, elastic, hydraulic

Question 3

• Principles of training

Answer 3

• Progressive overload
• Specificity
• Reversibility
• Variety
• Training thresholds
• Warm up and cool down

Question 4

• Physiological adaptations in response to training

Answer 4

• Resting heart rate
• Stroke volume and cardiac output
• Oxygen uptake and lung capacity
• Haemoglobin level
• Muscle hypertrophy
• Effect on fast/slow twitch muscle fibres

Question 5

• Motivation

Answer 5

• Positive and Negative

- Intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 6

• Anxiety and arousal

Answer 6

• State and Trait Anxiety
• Source of stress
• Optimal arousal

Question 7

• Psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety

Answer 7

• Concentration/attention skills (focusing)
• mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery
• Relaxation techniques
• Goal setting

Question 8

• Nutritional considerations

Answer 8

• Pre-performance, including carbohydrate loading
• During performance
• Post-performance

Question 9

• Supplementation

Answer 9

• Vitamins/minerals
• Protein
• Caffeine
• Creatine products

Question 10

• Recovery Strategies

Answer 10

• Physiological strategies, e.g. cool down, hydration
• Neural strategies, e.g. hydrotherapy, massage
• Tissue damage strategies, e.g., cryotherapy
• Psychological strategies, e.g. relaxation

Question 11

• Stages of skill acquisition

Answer 11

• Cognitive
• Associative
• Autonomous

Question 12

• Characteristics of the learner, eg personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, ability

Answer 12

personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, ability

Question 13

• The learning environment

Answer 13

• Nature of the skill (open, closed, gross, fine, discrete, serial, continuous, self paced, externally paced)
• The performance elements (decision-making, strategic and tactical development)
• Practice method (massed, distributed, whole and part)
• Feedback (internal, external, concurrent, delayed, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance)

Question 14

• Assessment of skill and performance

Answer 14

• Characteristics of skilled performers e.g. kinaesthetic sense, anticipation, consistency, technique
• Object and subjective performance measures
• Validity and reliability of tests
• Personal vs prescribed judging criteria