Core Stability Training

Question 1

What is the core?

Answer 1

No universal definition
Most people describe as the anatomic cylinder of the body

Question 2

What makes up the front of the core?

Answer 2

Rectus abdominis
Transverse abdominis

Question 3

What makes up the sides of the core?

Answer 3

Internal/external obliques

Question 4

What makes up the back of the core?

Answer 4

Erector spinae
Multifidi
Quadratus lumborum

Question 5

What makes up the top of the core?

Answer 5

Diaphragm

Question 6

What makes up the bottom of the core?

Answer 6

Pelvic floor

Question 7

What is core stabilization?

Answer 7

Active and passive stabilizers of the lumbopelvic region to balance and control proper hip and trunk position

Question 8

What is core stabilization based on?

Answer 8

Co activation, coordination, and sensori-motor control of the trunk muscles

Question 9

What is often more important in core stabilization than strength and endurance?

Answer 9

Refinement and coordination of trunk control

Question 10

What was A. Bergmark’s role in the origins of core stability?

Answer 10

Studied lumbar spine from mechanical modeling approach and developed the concept of global vs local muscle systems for equilibrium of the spine. He coined the concept of prime movers vs prime stabilizers.

Question 11

What did M. Panjabi’s write regarding the origins of core stability?

Answer 11

Created the Stabilizing Systems of the Spine I an II: Active Passive and Neural subsystems.

Question 12

What was M. Panjabi’s idea of the systems that control core stability?

Answer 12

They are separate, but inner related systems.

Question 13

What did M. Panjabi think about the role of injury in core stability?

Answer 13

Injury or insufficiency of one system can be compensated by another system

Question 14

Who coined the term neutral zone with the goal of minimizing injury?

Answer 14

M. Panjabi

Question 15

What is the general idea for core stability treatment in PT?

Answer 15

Wide variety of thought
Differing philosophies

Question 16

What muscle provides 2/3 of spinal stability in the neutral zone?

Answer 16

Multifidi

Question 17

What happens to the multifidi after the first episode of low back pain?

Answer 17

They atrophy and often do not recover

Question 18

What does trunk stability require?

Answer 18

Muscle stiffness associated with appropriate timing and magnitude of activation

Question 19

What causes the multifidi to atrophy following low back pain?

Question 20

What is the capacity model of core stability?

Question 21

What is the motor control model of core stability?

Question 22

What muscles are targeted more in the capacity model?

Question 23

What muscles are targeted more in the motor control model?

Question 24

What are movement impairment syndromes proposed to result from?

Question 25

How are movement impairment syndromes classified?

Question 26

What is lumbar extension/rotation syndrome often associated with?

Question 27

What is the most common movement impairment syndrome?

Answer 27

Lumbar Extension/Rotation Syndrome

Question 28

What provokes symptoms in Lumbar Extension/Rotation syndrome?

Question 29

What movement impairment is present in Lumbar Extension/Rotation Syndrome?

Question 30

What muscle imbalance in present in Lumbar Extension/Rotation Syndrome?

Question 31

What activities are associated with the provocation of Lumbar Extension/Rotation Syndrome?

Question 32

How is Lumbar Extension/Rotation Syndrome diagnosed?

Question 33

What is the treatment approach for Lumbar Extension/Rotation Syndrome?

Question 34

What is the "Short Answer" for how PTs identify lumbopelvic dysfunction?