Correctional Interviewing

Question 1

What are Ethics?

Answer 1

Moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity

Question 2

What 4 things should you consider before starting or engaging with a client?

Answer 2

*Is the client showing signs of distress?
*Does the client have a desire to change their situation or behavior?
*Does the client understand the potential and limitations of the helping relationship?
*Is the client voluntary or involuntary?

Question 3

What 5 things should you ask yourself before working with a client?

Answer 3

*Are you able to work with them?
*Do you want to work with them?
*Can you meet their expectations?
*What kind of structure is required for the helping relationship?
*What are your expectations for this person?

Question 4

What are 4 questions that clients might ask internally or externally?

Answer 4

*Is this a person I can trust?
*Will this person be helpful - on my terms?
*Will this helping relationship be too much work?
*Will they meet my needs?

Question 5

What are the purposes of ethical codes?

Answer 5

-Guidelines for appropriate professional practice
-Protect the helper, client, agency, profession, and society
-Safeguard client autonomy and professional accountability
- Enhance the profession

Question 6

What are the 5 ethical principles?

Answer 6

-Competence
-Informed Consent
-Confidentiality
-Power
-Social Justice

Question 7

What is competence?

Answer 7

The ability to demonstrate certain skills based on knowledge and experience

Question 8

What are important factors of competance?

Answer 8

-Self awareness
-Practice within your boundaries
-Know your limits
-Refer clients if necessary

Question 9

*What is informed consent?

Answer 9

Clients having understanding of what they are getting into and knowing they can refuse any recommended services.

Question 10

What 6 things must be done for proper informer consent?

Answer 10

1. Goals
2. Confidentiality
3. Limitations
4. Procedures
5. Boundaries
6. Record Keeping

Question 11

What is confidentiality?

Answer 11

Basis of trust mainly about keeping things that have been said in private

Question 12

What are some possible exceptions to confidentiality?

Answer 12

-Client is a danger to self
- if you suspect abuse of a minor, elderly or disabled person or resident of an institution
-If a court orders a helper to make records available
-If a client plans to or admits to committing a serious crime
- In emergency situations

Question 13

What is “power” in a helping relationship?

Answer 13

Power differential inherent in all helping relationship

Question 14

What is a dual relationship?

Answer 14

When you have both a professional and personal relationship with someone
-Ex. Friend and coworker, Correctional officer and inmate who you went to high school with

Question 15

What is social justice?

Answer 15

The distribution of advantages and disadvantages within society

Question 16

*What 3 things do reflective practitioners do?

Answer 16

-Use reflections to help you overcome challenging helping situations and enhance your learning
-Use reflection to help clients with backgrounds different from your own
-Use reflection to accommodate new information about yourself

Question 17

*What are Perry’s stage model of cognitive development?

Answer 17

Dualistic
- Right vs wrong thinking
Multiplistic
-Frustrated when corrected
Relativistic
-Recognizes that certain questions/responses lead the session in a more helpful direction

Question 18

*What is the legacy of Rogers?

Answer 18

Empathy - The ability to understand another’s feeling or world view
Congruence - Ability to be completely genuine with another person
Positive regard - Respect the personal hood of the client and believe that all persons have inherent worth

Question 19

What are the 6 qualities of an effective helper?

Answer 19

-Positive regard
-Stable and mentally healthy
-Good self-care skills
-intelligent and psychologically minded
-Creative
-Courageous

Question 20

What are the 4 types of psychological helping?

Answer 20

-Coaching
-Interviewing
-Counselling
-Psychotherapy

Question 21

What is coaching?

Answer 21

A thinking partner that supports the client to achieve self-directed goals and personal development utilizing a strength-based empowerment approach

Question 22

What is interviewing?

Answer 22

A conversation between an interviewer and an interviewee to gather and record information

Question 23

What is counselling?

Answer 23

Helping people with “normal” problems - exploring opportunities for change. Emphasis on growth rather than dysfunction.

Question 24

What is psychotherapy?

Answer 24

Focuses of pathology and mental disorders. Dives into deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties.

Question 25

What are 6 common ways to help?

Answer 25

-Physically -Financially -Advocating at the agency level -Advocating at the socio-political level -Spiritually -Psychologically

Question 26

What are some common problems clients identify?

Answer 26

-Anger -Addictions -Behavioural issues -Communication -Employment -Relationships

Question 27

What is the key concept of a helper/client relationship?

Answer 27

Helpers do no do things to or for the client but work with them in a collaborative effort.

Question 28

What are 2 therapeutic relationship enhancers?

Answer 28

-Presence - Being fully present and not distracted is a powerful relationship enhancer -Empathy - You grasp the facts, feelings, and significance of another person's story (from their perspective) and can convey these accurate perceptions to the client

Question 29

What are 6 common factors that underlie all effective counseling theories and techniques?

Answer 29

-Maintaining a strong therapeutic relationship -Activating clients motivation -Enhancing client's sense of competency and self-efficacy -Providing new learning experiences -Raising or lowering emotional arousal -Practicing new behaviors

Question 30

What are the 6 therapeutic building blocks?

Answer 30

-Invitational Skills - nonverbal & opening skills -Reflecting Skills – paraphrasing (reflecting content) & reflecting feelings -Advanced Reflecting Skills - reflecting meaning & summarizing -Challenging Skills - giving feedback & confrontation -Goal Setting Skills - focusing on the client & boiling down the problem -Change Techniques - giving alternative interpretation /reframing, information, & brainstorming

Question 31

What are the 5 stages of the helping process?

Answer 31

-Relationship Building -Assessment -Goal Setting (Treatment or Case Planning) -Intervention & Action -Outcome Evaluation/Reflection

Question 32

What are some ways you can increase you cultural competence?

Answer 32

-Demonstrate your willingness to meet others at least halfway by learning a few phrases in their language. -Talk to people familiar with the culture about respectful communication, common communication traps, etc. -Adapt your behavior-don’t expect others to adapt to you. -Use TV/movies/online sources to learn about issues & norms. -Check your understanding with that of others. -Don’t be afraid to apologize. -Reflect on your experience.

Question 33

What are 4 ways to culturally adapt an interview for your client?

Answer 33

-Establish a strong therapeutic relationship and let client know you respect them. -Adapt your treatment to a specific ethno-cultural group, not to all culturally different clients. -React to client feedback right away and adjust the treatment accordingly. (Check-in with client.) -Use methods that are appropriate and acceptable within your client’s culture.

Question 34

What are 7 aspects of diversity?

Answer 34

-Ethnicity -Gender -Socioeconomic status -Age -Nationality -Sexual identity -Marital status

Question 35

What are the 2 non-verbal skills?

Answer 35

-Active Listening -Body Language

Question 36

What 4 things need to be done to have effective active listening?

Answer 36

-The need to communicate & be understood is central to the helping relationship -Need to attend & encourage without intruding on the client’s telling of the story -Fight the impulse to run in & “fix”… -Put your concerns, questions, theories on the back burner, & let the client tell their tale

Question 37

What are the 2 forms of noise that make active listening difficult?

Answer 37

-External noise (environment, people, distractions, etc) -Internal noise (thoughts, feelings, etc)

Question 38

What are the 12 blocks to active listening?

Answer 38

1. Comparing 2. Mind Reading 3. Rehearsing 4. Filtering 5. Judging 6. Dreaming 7. Identifying 8. Advising 9. Sparring 10. Being Right 11. Derailing 12. Placating

Question 39

What are 7 things that contribute to nonverbal communication?

Answer 39

-Eye contact -Body position -Attentive Silence -Voice tone -Facial expressions and gestures -Physical distance -Touching and warmth

Question 40

What are 5 outcomes of using attending skills?

Answer 40

-Clients to talk more freely -Fewer eye contact breaks -A smoother vocal tone -A more complete story with fewer topic jumps -More comfortable client body language

Question 41

What are the steps of informed consent?

Answer 41

1. Goals 2. Confidentiality 3. Limitations 4. Procedures 5. Boundaries 6. Record Keeping

Question 42

What are 6 factors of door openers?

Answer 42

-Non-coercive invitation to talk -Open questions -Signals availability -Encourages exploration & discussion -Positive, nonjudgmental response -Encourages client to begin conversations, expand, & time for helper to formulate response

Question 43

When would you use a closed question?

Answer 43

Ask for specific information and usually require a short factual response

Question 44

When would you use an open question?

Answer 44

Perceived as more helpful, less coercive, elicits more information, enhances relationship, allows client to refuse to answer

Question 45

What do open questions usually start with?

Answer 45

What? How? Why? Could?

Question 46

What are the 3 advantages of open questions?

Answer 46

-Flexible -Client centered -Encourages the client to provide additional information

Question 47

What are the 2 disadvantages of open questions?

Answer 47

-May be harder to formulate -Answers may be lengthy/unfocused

Question 48

How do closed questions usually start?

Answer 48

Who? When? Where? Is? Are? Do?

Question 49

What are 3 advantages to closed questions?

Answer 49

-Very specific -Can close down a "chatty" client -Allows the interviewer to stay on task/in control

Question 50

What are 2 disadvantages of closed questions?

Answer 50

-May be seen as interrogation -Client may be resistant/reluctant to answer

Question 51

What is paraphrasing?

Answer 51

Express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity

Question 52

What are 3 different components of a client's message?

Answer 52

-Facts and Thoughts (Cognitive) -Feelings (Emotional) -Underlying/Hidden Messages (Existential)

Question 53

What are the 2 steps to paraphrasing?

Answer 53

-Listening carefully to the client's story -Feeding back to the client a condensed, nonjudgmental version of the facts and thoughts

Question 54

What are the 4 steps to creating a proper paraphrase?

Answer 54

-Choose a sentence stem -Choose the clients key words -Restate the conversation essence -Check for accuracy

Question 55

What are 3 things paraphrasing allow you to do?

Answer 55

-let the client know you both hear and understand what they are saying. -check for accuracy -direct and track the flow of the interview

Question 56

What are 5 common problems with paraphrasing?

Answer 56

-Simply reciting the facts -Difficulty hearing stories because of “noise” -Worrying about what to say next -Being judgmental of the client -Siding with the client

Question 57

What are minimal encouragers?

Answer 57

Minimal encouragers are small signals that let the speaker know you are listening and understanding – words like “uh-huh”, “yes”, “no”, “mmm”, and little actions like nodding that show you are engaged in listening.

Question 58

What are 4 potential problems for Councillors?

Answer 58

-Inaccurate Interpretation -Difficult Clients and Paraphrasing -Noise -Personal Value Judgments