Ionisation energy across periods?
Increases
Impurities in reactant?
causes less product as some of a has already reacted (eg formed oxide) or there is less of a present to react
Group 2 trends downwards
- 1st IE decreases
- AR increases
- melting points decreases
- reactivity increases
FeS2 dot cross
- fe 2+ ion, full outer shell
- s2 covalent molecule with 2 extra electrons ▪️so -2 charge
AlH4- ion
- 3 bond pairs
- dative covalent bond
NaCl use
Bleach /disinfectant
Sodium chlorate (v) formula
NaClO3
Conjugate base
a chemical compound formed when an acid donates a proton to a base— a base with a hydrogen ion added to it
Gram to tonne
Divide by 1000000 to convert g to tonne
End point of titration
The endpoint in a titration is the point at which the indicator changes colour, indicating that the reaction has reached completion.
Indicator
An indicator is a substance that changes its color in response to a change in pH or other conditions in a solu-tion, and it is used to signal the endpoint of a titration or to monitor the progress of a chemical reaction.
Why does hexane have higher bp than propane
3Hexane is a larger molecule than propane and so has more electrons.
4. - This means it experiences stronger van der Waals forces between molecules.
5. - These forces require more energy to overcome, giving hexane a higher boiling point
Solubility of hydroxides down group 2
Increases
how many electrons in a 2p orbital?
2 electrons in ALL orbitals
electrons in 4th shell
32
phosphorus formula
p4
ions in H4N2O2
- NH4+
- NO3-
- (Give known Polyatomic ions that add to make compound)
reaction of alkali metals and chlorides
alkali metal oxides are white solids and the chlorides are colourless crystals - white solid or colourless crystals in reaction
Not all AgNO3 has reacted if …
Not all AgNO3 has reacted if a white precipitate forms as Ag+ ions are still present, won’t react as solid/liquid.
Metal hydroxide + chlorine
Metal chlorate + salt + water
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are ?
Carcinogens
4 bonds pairs
109.5, tetrahedral
H20 structure
Simple molecular
Sf6 shape
Octahedral
