Frontal lobes (function & parts)
- Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
- Impulse control/judgement (orbitofrontal cortex)
- Socialization (some aspects of emotion)
- Executive functioning (planning of movements)
- Working memory
- Language production (Broca’s Area)
Parietal lobes (function & parts)
- Primary sensory/somatosensory cortex (post central gyrus)
- Knowledge of numbers
- Visuospatial processing, R-L orientation
Temporal lobes (function & parts)
- Primary auditory cortex
- Hippocampus (memory)
- Wernicke’s areas (understanding language)
- Comprehension/naming
- Recognition of faces
- Visual processing
Occipital lobe (function & parts)
- Primary visual cortex -Lesions lead to visual field abnormalities
Cerebellum (function & parts)
- Sensory perception
- Motor coordination/learning
- Proprioception
- Equilibrium
- Posture
Basal ganglia (function & parts)
- Striatum (putamen/cuadate/nucleus accumbens)
- Globus pallidus
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Substantia nigra
- Associated with coordination of movement
- Motor tracts go through the striatum
Abnormalities of the basal ganglia include:
PD, Tourette’s, CP, dystonia, OCD and TD
Frontal lobe’s function in the MMSE?
Maintains focus and attention during the exam
Temporal lobe’s function in the MMSE?
Stores memory of previously learned words/info and orientation
Occipital lobe’s function in the MMSE?
Any action with reading/writing
Basal ganglia’s function in the MMSE?
Motor coordination
What lobes of the brain are involved in orientation questions?
- Frontal lobe - attention, reasoning. Medial prefrontal is associated with orientation to person.
- Temporal lobe - Memory storage, spatial memory.
What lobes of the brain are involved in recall questions?
- Immediate recall (seconds) Intact Wernicke’s in Tempo/Parietal area in order to comprehend what you’ve asked. Arcuate fascicles to connect word comprehension (Wernicke’s) and production (Broca’s - frontal lobe)
- Delayed recall (2-3 minutes) Need hippocampus - converts immediate memory to long term and medial temporal lobe - to store memory
Parietal (Wernicke’s) =
Understand words
Motor strip in frontal (Broca’s) =
Make words
What lobes of the brain are involved in spelling WORLD backwards?
- Prefrontal - concentration
- Frontal dorsolateral - working memory
- Inferior parietal - spelling, language, syntax
- Temporal - storage of spelling
What lobes are involved in completing serial 7s?
- Prefrontal - concentration, filter out distractions
- Frontal dorsolateral - working memory
- Left parietal - understand of numbers, math and calculation
- Temporal - storage of definition of numbers and how they relate
What lobes are involved in naming objects?
- Left parietal - language, grammar
2. Left temporal - storage of learned names
What lobes are involved in repetition?
Wernicke’s > Arcuate > Broca’s (immediate recall)
What lobes are involved in following a three step command?
- Frontal - attention, planning
- Frontal/motor cortex - coordinates movement
- Temporal - recall the three commands and do them in sequence
- Left parietal - right to left orientation
- Basal ganglia - motor/fine motor coordination
What lobes are involved in reading comprehension?
- Occipital - ability to read/see words
- Left parietal - word recognition, grammar
- Temporal - storage of previously learned words
What lobes are involved in writing?
- Occipital - read/see what is written
- Frontal - attention, motor cortex to coordinate movement
- Left parietal - words, grammar, syntax
- Basal ganglia - fine motor coordination
What lobes are involved in design copy?
- Frontal - attention, planning, motor coordination
2. Right parietal - construct, gestalt
Damage of the right parietal area leads to:
Hemineglect
