Corticosteroids

Question 1

Classify corticosteroids

Answer 1

1. Glucocorticoids
   A- short acting
   B-intermediate acting
   C-long-acting
   D-local Acting
2. mineralocorticoids

Question 2

Name short acting glucocorticoids

Answer 2

1. Hydrocortisone (cortisol)
2. Cortisone 

Question 3

Name intermediate acting glucocorticoids

Answer 3

1. Prednisolone
2. prednisone
3. Methylprednisolone
4. triamcinolone

Question 4

Name long acting glucocorticoids

Answer 4

1. BetaMethasone
2. Dexamethasone

Question 5

Name local acting glucocorticoids 

Answer 5

1. Beclomethasone
2. budesonide
3. fluticasone

Question 6

Name Mineralocorticoids drugs

Answer 6

1. Desoxycorticosterone acetate
2. Fludrocortisone
3. Aldosterone 

Question 7

Which drug is used for status asthmaticus and anaphylactic shock

Answer 7

Hydrocortisone 

Question 8

What is the progress of cortisol

Answer 8

Cortisone

Question 9

Name drugs that are used in inflammatory and allergic conditions combined

Answer 9

1. Prednisone
2. Betamethasone
3. dexamethasone

Question 10

Which glucocorticoids have no mineralocorticoid activity

Answer 10

1. BetaMethasone
2. dexamethasone

Question 11

Instruction be used as high dose post therapy in renal transplant pemphigus vulgaris

Answer 11

Methylprednisolone

Question 12

Which drugs have immuno suppressant activity

Answer 12

1. methylprednisolone
2. BetaMethasone
3. Dexamethasone

Question 13

Drunk can be used for IBS and COPD

Answer 13

Fluticasone

Question 14

Drugs are used as a replacement therapy in Addison’s disease

Answer 14

1. Desoxycorticosterone acetate
2. Fludrocortisone

Question 15

What are the carbohydrate affects of glucocorticoids

Answer 15

1. Hyperglycaemia
2. Decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin 3. diabetes maybe precipitated

Question 16

What are the contraindications of glucocorticoids

Answer 16

1. diabetes mellitus
2. Epilepsy
3. hypertension
4. Peptic ulcer
5. herpes simplex keratitis
6. TB
7. osteoporosis
8. psychosis
9. congestive cardiac failure
10. glaucoma
11. Renal failure

Question 17

What are the pharmacological action of corticosteroids

Answer 17

1. Carbohydrate, Lipid, protein metabolism
2. Electrolyte in water metabolism
3. calcium metabolism
4. increase hypertension CVS
5. required for normal function of skeletal muscle
6. CNS effects
7. G.I. effects
8. blood and lymph
9. tissue anti-inflammatory effect
10. immuno suppressant effect

Question 18

Which drugs do not promote electricity and water Metbolism

Answer 18

1. Dexamethasone
2. betamethasone
3. triamcinolone

Question 19

What are the effects of Glucocorticoids on calcium metabolism

Answer 19

1. Inhibit calcium absorption
2. increase renal excretion
3. inhibit osteoblasts
4. increases osteoclast activity

Question 20

What are the effects of glucocorticoids on Skeletal muscles in increased and decreased scenarios

Answer 20

1. Hypercortisolism - do to inadequate circulation
2. Hypercortisolism: do to hyperkalaemia

Question 21

What are the indirect CNS actions of corticosteroids

Answer 21

Maintenance of:
1. blood pressure
2. blood glucose concentration
3. electrolyte levels

Question 22

How do Glucocorticoids Act on GIT

Answer 22

1. Inhibits Prostaglandins and increases gastric acid and pepsin secretion Can lead to peptic ulcer.
2. Decrease local immune response against H. pylori

Question 23

What are the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids

Answer 23

1. Induce lipocortin What’s your name it’s phospholipase A2. Which inhibits the formation of PG, LT’s and PAF
2. Production of cytokines like IL-1, IL-6 and TNF alpha are inhibited 
3. Stabilize lysosome membrane and prevent release of inflammatory mediators
4. inhibit the production of various adhesion molecules

Question 24

What are the effects of glucocorticoids on the immune system and lymphoid tissue

Answer 24

1. Decrease in lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes
2. Inhibit B cells and T cells functions
3. Suppress all hypersensitivity reactions

Question 25

What are the adverse effects of Glucocorticoids

Answer 25

1. Metabolic effects such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia 2. Cushing’s habitus 3. G.I. peptic ulcers with haemorrhage or perforation  4. Salt and water retention which can lead to CCF 5. Muscle weakness and fragility 6. Osteoporosis 7. growth retardation 8. Glaucoma and cataracts 9. CNS changes 10. immunosuppression 11. HPA axis suppression 

Question 26

Which glucocorticoids may precipitate growth retardation in children

Answer 26

1. dexamethasone 2. betamethasone

Question 27

What are the therapeutic uses of glucocorticoids (replacement therapy)

Answer 27

1. Acute renal insufficiency 2. Chronic adrenal insufficiency 3. Adrenogenital syndrome and adrenal virilism 

Question 28

What are the uses of glucocorticoids(non-endocrine diseases)

Answer 28

1. Rheumatoid arthritis 2. osteoarthritis 3. gout 4. rheumatic fever 5. allergic diseases 6. bronchial asthma 7. collagen diseases 8. renal diseases 9. Ocular diseases 10. skin disease 11. haematological disorders 12. cerebral oedema 13. intestinal disease 14. shock 15. organ transplantation 16. hypercalcaemia 17. other uses: Bell’s palsy, acute neuritis myotonia

Question 29

Which drug can be used as a test for Hypo pituitary adrenal function

Answer 29

Dexamethasone