What is cosmology?
The study of the origin, structure, and purpose of the universe
What is the Cosmological Argument?
The universe must have a cause; God is the first cause
Aquinas’ First Way?
Argument from motion — everything in motion is moved by something else
Aquinas’ Second Way?
Argument from causation — nothing causes itself; God is the uncaused cause.
Kalam Cosmological Argument?
Everything that begins to exist has a cause
The universe began to exist
Therefore, the universe has a cause (God)
Key criticism of cosmological arguments?
Hume — cannot assume causation beyond human experience.
Strength of cosmological arguments?
Fits with scientific ideas like the Big Bang.
Did David Hume reject or support the cosmological argument?
He rejected it. He believed we can only observe a limited amount and should not assume that cause and effect apply to anything outside of out actual experience
What is Humes inductive argument?
We collect empirical data through observation and experience to collect a probable conclusion
What is the Fallacy of Composition?
Just because the parts within the universe have a cause, it does not follow that the whole of the universe has a cause
What does Hume argue again the existence of God?
Could the universe not just be its own cause or be necessary?
Who is a support of Humes belief in infinite regress?
Mackie. He supports the idea of infinite regress being possible within his example of the infinite hooks, one always linked to another.
What does Aquinas state about the type of God he speaks of?
He states it may not be the god of classical theism, it can be another type of God.
Is Bertrand Russel a support or a critic of the cosmological argument?
A critic. He argues that everything does not have to have there own cause, he stated “Why does there have to be one cause toward everything.”
What analogy did Russell use when stating not everything has to have a cause
Just because everyone has a mother, does not mean that the universe has a mother as a whole
What did Russell say that Hume recognised as the fallacy of composition
“The concept of cause is not applicable to the total”
What is the “Brutal Fact”
Hume and Russell state that everything in the universe just IS and we do NOT need to try and understand it!
What is the Phenomenal World?
The world that we as humans experience
What is the Noumenal World
The world that actually is
What does Kant say belongs to the Phenomenal world?
Cause and effect and it is how us humans make sense if the world and understand it
What does Kant overall argue?
Kant argues that you cannot use cause and effect as evidence for the existence of God.
Is Liebniz a supporter is critic of the cosmological argument?
A support, he used the principle of sufficient reason to establish why there is something rather than nothing
What did Leibniz argue needed a complete explanation
The universe
What analogy did Leibniz use?
The analogy of old books which are copied from the pervious book, which was copied from the previous book etc, when one arrives at the first book, there is no real explanation to why the first one was written. This can be applied to the universe.
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plato28
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Aristotle6
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cosmology26
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evil12
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Religious Language 20th Century Perspectives -the Falsification Principle8
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Religous Experience16
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Mind, Body, Soul33
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Religous Language: 20th Century Perspectives- Wittgenstein And Languagr Games0
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Religous Language: Apophatic And Cataphatic Use0
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Religous Language: Analogy And Symbol0
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Religous Language: 20th Century Perspectives- Verificarion And Meaning0
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The Ontological Argument10
