1
Q
What is an Informed Consent Form?
A
The patient signs this prior to surgery; it outlines the procedure and the RBAs
2
Q
What is the systemic disease associated with eye findings referred to as Graves’ Disease?
A
Thyroid Disease
3
Q
What is the disease which is indicated by the presence of microaneurysms, dot/block hemes, and lipid exudates from a leakage of the retinal vessels
A
Diabetic Retinopathy
4
Q
What are the medications that should be kept on hand in case of severe allergic reactions to a drug
A
Epinephrine/Intravenous Cortisone/Benadryl
5
Q
What are Metal Test Spheres
A
Provided by the manufacturer, with known radius of curvature, to be used for the calibration of the manual keratometer
6
Q
What is the highest range for a Fresnel press-on prism
A
40 Diopters
7
Q
What is the highest range for ground-in prism
A
10 Diopters (each lens)
8
Q
What is Prentice’s Rule
A
The formula for calculating prismatic effect induced at any point in the lens
9
Q
What is Prince Rule
A
Measures near point of accommodation - position closest to eye where small objects can be kept in sharp focus by maximal accommodation. Also measures bifocal power.
10
Q
What is Snell’s Law
A
Determines the index of refraction: speed of light in air/speed of light through the substance
11
Q
What is the Prism Displacement Formula
A
P=C/D
12
Q
What is the refractive index of crown glass
A
1.523
13
Q
What is represented by minus spherical and minus cylindrical lenses
A
Compound Myopic Astigmatism (CMA)
14
Q
What is the clinical definition of Infinity
A
20 feet (6 meters) and beyond
15
Q
What instruments are used for lacrimal irrigation
A
punctum dilator/lacrimal needle or probe
16
Q
What is the procedure that treats trichiasis
A
electrolysis
17
Q
Which laser is used to coagulate blood or seal off blood vessels
A
Argon/Blue-Green Light Laser
18
Q
What is Endophthalmitis?
A
Ocular emergency following cataract surgery when a patient presents with symptoms of a painful, red eye, and decreased vision within the first week
19
Q
What is a Trabeculectomy
A
Glaucoma which surgery permits aqueous to filter out of the anterior chamber and form conjunctival bleb
20
Q
What is an Enucleation
A
Total removal of the eye globe
21
Q
Where is the Physiologic Blind Spot
A
15 degrees temporal to fixation
22
Q
What is an Evisceration
A
Removal of the contents of the eye, leaving the outer shell with the muscles attached
23
Q
What are the Light meter readings for calibrating a Goldmann perimeter
A
1,000 Apostilbs or 1430 Lumens
24
Q
Which stimulus is used on an automated perimeter test for detecting macular defects
A
Red Color Stimulus
25
What stimulus is used for earlier detection of visual field loss
Blue Color Stimulus on yellow background
26
What part of a visual field does the Amsler Grid assess?
Central 20 degrees (or 10 degrees from fixation)
27
What sort of VF defects are Indicated in hysterical patients
tubular/spiral
28
How far does a Binocular Visual Field extend?
120 degrees
29
What is a Bitemporal Hemianopsia (optic chiasm)
A lesion at the optic chiasm, may involve only fibers crossing over to the opposite side. Since these fibers originate in the nasal half of each retina, visual loss involves the temporal half of each field. May be caused by a tumor.
30
What is Bjerrum's (arcuate) Scotoma
Complete nerve fiber bundle defect emanating from the blind spot, arching over or under the macula and ending on the nasal horizontal line
31
Which dye procedures are used to detect and classify bacteria
Gram & Geimsa Staining
32
What is Staphylococcus Aureus
Gram positive bacterium that frequently causes blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis
33
What is Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Gram-negative organism associated with contact lens overwear
34
What is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
transient viral vesicles that infect the facial area
35
What is an Acanthamoeba
Protozoan which can be found in homemade contact lens solutions and can cause painful infections of the cornea
36
What is the DK Value
a measurement of the oxygen permeability through a given material where D is the diffusion coefficient for oxygen movement in the lens material and K is the solubility of oxygen in this material
37
Which Slit lamp filter is used in conjunction with fluorescein to evaluate fluorescein patterns with rigid and silicon hydrogel contact lenses
Cobalt/UV Filter
38
Which Instrument is used to determine posterior surface radius of curvature of a rigid contact lens
Radiuscope/Contacto Gauge
39
What Consists of a footplate with a central moveable plunger fitted into a barrel
Schiotz Tonometer
40
What is Buphthalmos
ox-like enlargement of the eye; a classic sign of congenital glaucoma
41
What is Iris Bombe
A condition when the iris balloons forward, blocking aqueous flow, causing a sudden increase in IOP
42
What is a Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)
Procedure performed to relieve the pressure in the anterior chamber secondary to an angle-closure glaucoma
43
What is Chord Length
Referred to as the distance between the two points at the edge of the reflected mire of the surface being measured
44
What does "with" motion in Retinoscopy indicate?
the need for more plus power
45
What does "against" motion in Retinoscopy indicate?
the need for more minus power
46
What does the Lateral Rectus muscle control?
Outward movement
47
How would you correct "Against the rule" Astigmatism?
Plus cylinders at 180 degrees (horizontally)
48
What is an Exciter Filter?
It is used to enhance the visibility of the external tissues of the eye when using fluorescein dye
49
What is the Standard Lens Thickness?
4.63 - 6.9 mm (thicker as it becomes cataractous)
50
What is Tonicity?
concentration of a drug
51
Cranial Nerve 3 (CN III)
Also known as the oculomotor nerve. It controls the iris sphincter and dilator muscles
52
What can insufficient couple cause?
Reverberation in the eye when performing a B scan
53
What is a Laser Interferometer
a machine that uses laser lights in a pattern of stripes in which the patient indicates the orientation of the strips
54
What is sympathomimetics?
stimulates the sympathetic nervous system ("fight or flight"), dilates pupils, increases heartrate, inhibits digestion
55
What appears as a frond-shaped stain during examination
Herpes Simplex
56
What is the Average central corneal thickness (CCT)
555 microns
57
What is Contrast Sensitivity Testing?
it determines the retina's ability to detect subtle differences in brightness or shading between targets and their backgrounds
58
What is Abduction?
movement away from the midline of the body
59
What is the Imbert-Fick principle?
Pressure = Force/Area (applanation principle)
60
What is it called when there is a difference in pupil response to direct stimulation from eye to eye?
RAPD/Marcus-Gunn pupil
61
What is the range for Red Light Therapy?
600-700 nanometers
62
How would you correct "With the rule" Astigmatism?
plus cylinder at 90 degrees (vertically)
63
What does the Superior Rectus Muscle do?
elevates the eyes (upward movement of the eyes)
64
What is the Index of Refraction?
Speed of light/Speed of light in substance (formula)
65
What symptoms can Staph bacteria cause?
cellulitis, boils and styes
66
What can distort the sound beam in an immersion A-scan?
bubbles
67
What are ductions?
the range of movement in one eye independently
68
What are the 2 types of Ultrasonic Heads?
Solid and fluid filled
69
What is a Hyphema
blood in the anterior chamber
70
What is a standard K reading?
43.0 - 44.0
71
What is Horner's Syndrome?
comprised of mydriasis, ptosis and anhidrosis characteristics
72
What is the cross cover test used for?
to detect phoria
73
What are the phases of a Fluorescein Angiography?
Choroidal, arterial, arteriovenous, and late phase
74
What is the longest-acting mydriatic
Atropine
75
What is Adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
76
During a Worth 4 Dot, what will the patient see if there is fusion?
four visible dots
77
What medications are in Cosopt?
Dorzolamide and Timolol
78
What is Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
79
What are Argyll-Robertson Pupils?
pupils that are small, irregularly shaped, non-reactive to direct or consensual light, but react to near stimulation
80
What test gives the physician an estimate of a patient's potential visual acuity?
PAM test
81
What is Fusional Convergence Amplitude?
the amount the eyes can turn inward before double vision occurs
82
What is Stereopsis (depth perception)
Visual blending of two similar (not identical) images, one falling on each retina, into one, with visual perception of solidity and depth
83
What are the available concentrations of fluorescein sodium?
10% and 25%
84
What is Parasympathomimetics?
"Rest & Digest"; constricts the pupils, slows down HR, dilates blood vessels, and activates digestion
85
What is represented by minus spherical and minus cylindrical lenses?
Compound Myopic Astigmatism (CMA)
86
What are Versions?
parallel movement of both eyes
87
What is Levoversion?
the movement of both eyes to the left
88
What is Lissamine Green Stain?
ocular stain used to identify defects on the conjunctiva
89
What is Retro-Illumination?
A technique which is used to demonstrate a variety of findings in the lens and cornea by reflecting light from the fundus
90
What is a Phoria?
misalignment found only when covering one eye
91
What is the formula used in Prentice's Rule?
P=dD/10 (in mm)
92
What is a Hypopyon?
pus in the anterior chamber
93
Common symptoms of Streptococcus Pneumoniae?
conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers and endophthalmitis
94
Which dyes are primarily used to perform ocular angiography?
fluorescein sodium and ICG
95
Which bacteria is spiral shaped?
Syphilis
96
What does the Inferior Rectus muscle control?
downward movement
97
What are Parasympatholytics?
drugs that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system; also called anticholinergics
98
A pH of 7.5 is considered what?
Alkaline
99
What is one of the primary factors in calculating the optimal IOL power?
the Axial Length measurement
100
What is considered a shallow anterior chamber depth?
10 degrees
101
What is the standard AC depth?
3.24 mm
102
What equipment is considered standard PPE?
mask, gloves and surgical gowns
103
What is a Tropia?
a misalignment that continually manifests
104
In an FA; what is the arm-to-retina time?
8-16 seconds
105
What is Timolol?
medication used to decrease aqueous humor
106
What is the Standard Axial length of the eye?
23.5 mm/Ranges from 22.0-24.5 mm
107
What is Rose Bengal?
Red dye which has an affinity for degenerative epithelium
108
During a Worth 4 Dot test; What does a patient see if there is suppression?
2 red lights or 3 green lights
109
What does sterile mean?
completely free of all life forms, including spores and viruses
110
What is an A-constant?
required information for the performing of IOL calculations, besides A-scan biometry and keratometry
111
What is the range for Violet Light?
400 nanometers
112
What is Acetylcholine?
Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system
113
What does the Inferior Oblique muscle control?
upward and outward movement
114
What does NEMB stand for?
Notice of Exclusion of Medicare Benefits
115
What are Parasympathomimetics?
drugs which activate digestion, slow down heart rate and constrict pupils
116
Which bacteria is round shaped, Gram stain positive?
Staph Bacteria
117
Which drops should NOT be used on patients with active iritis?
Miotics
118
Which procedure is performed to relieve the pressure in the anterior chamber secondary to an angle-closure glaucoma?
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)
119
What is Aniseikonia?
the difference in perceived image size due to refractive error
120
What is a Bitemporal Hemianopsia (optic chiasm)?
a lesion at the optic chiasm, may involve only fibers crossing over to the opposite side. Since these fibers originate in the nasal half of each retina, visual loss involves the temporal half of each field. May be caused by a tumor
121
What is Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer?
A corneal sensitivity test which uses fine hair
122
What is Excycloduction?
torsional outward movement
123
What medications are in Combigan?
Brimonidine & Timolol
124
What allows the body to function under stress?
Sympathetic nervous system
125
What are Aberrations?
imperfections of the optical system, such as refractive errors, and those caused by laser refractive surgery
126
What does the Superior Oblique muscle control?
downward and outward eye movement
127
COT
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