2cos theta
z + 1/z
2isin theta
z-1/z
2cosn theta
z ^n + 1/z^n
2isinn theta
z^n-1/z^n
eulers relation
e^itheta = cos theta + isin theta
exponential form
re ^i theta
r = modulus
theta = argument
argument in positive quadrant
theta
argument in positive x negative y quadrant
-theta
argument in negative x positive y quadrant
pi - theta
argument in negative x negative y quadrant
-(pi-theta)
sum to infinity of wz^r
w/(1-z)
sum to (n-1) of wz^r
w(z^n-1) / z-1