CPC

Question 1

Define metaplasia.

Answer 1

Is the reversible transformation of one differentiated cell type to another differentiated cell type

Question 2

List causes of obstructive jaundice.

_~10

Answer 2

• Acute cholecystitis and biliary colic
• acute pancreatitis
• sclerosing cholangitis
• cholangiosarcoma
• alcoholic hepatitis
• ampullary carcinoma
• Bile duct strictures
• bile duct tumours
• biliary trauma
• cholangiocarcinoma
• cholangitis
• choledochal cysts
• chronic pancreatitis
• cirrhosis
• gallbladder cancer

Question 3

Name the following cancer these tumour markers are for?

CEA

CA 19-9

CA 15-3

CA-125

Answer 3

• CEA: monitoring of gastrointestinal, pnacreatic, breast and lung cancer
• CA 19-9: pancreatic cancer, cholangitis, cirrhosis
• CA 15-3: breast cancer
• CA -125: ovarian cancer

Question 4

What are the common way cancers can spread?

Answer 4

• DIRECT: spread into adjacent structures
• LYMPHATICS: to near by lymph nodes first
• BLOOD: to other organs
• NEURAL: along nerves

Question 5

Define dysplasia.

Answer 5

An alteration in the size, shape and organisation of the cellular components of a tissues. Dysplastic cells do not undergo autonomous growth but they are often precursors of cancer cells.

Question 6

Name the following parts of colon histology

Answer 6

1. Crypt
2. Lamina propria
3. Submucosa
4. Surface columnar cells