CPPE

Question 1

What are key communication skills in consultations?

Answer 1

Open questions, active listening, empathy, summarising, and matching tone/body language to the situation.

Question 2

What are the principles of effective communication

Answer 2

Be clear, concise, honest, respectful, confirm understanding, and avoid jargon

Question 3

What are barriers to effective communication?

Answer 3

Noise, time pressure, assumptions, lack of privacy, language/cultural differences, and blocking behaviours like lecturing.

Question 4

What is Transactional Analysis and how is it used?

Answer 4

It recognises Parent–Adult–Child communication styles. Aim for Adult–Adult interaction for collaborative dialogue

Question 5

How do you take a clinical history effectively?

Answer 5

Gather systematically—reason for consultation, symptoms, medicine use, lifestyle factors, and concerns.

Question 6

Why is documentation important?

Answer 6

Structured templates or records ensure clarity, continuity, accountability, and support follow-up

Question 7

Name the main consultation models.

Answer 7

Biomedical – disease focus.

Balint – emotional doctor–patient relationship.

Health Belief Model – based on perceived risks/benefits.

Calgary–Cambridge – structured stages and rapport.

Pendleton – reason, problem, management, understanding.

Neighbour – connecting, summarising, handing over, safety-netting, housekeeping.

BARD – behaviour, awareness, reflection, development.

Question 8

How should models be applied in practice?

Answer 8

Combine structured models (Calgary, Pendleton) with empathic models (Neighbour, BARD). Adapt approach to each person and setting.

Question 9

What does MR-CAT stand for and assess?

Answer 9

Medicines Related Consultation Assessment Tool. Assesses: initiating, gathering information, explanation/planning, closing, and relationship building.

Question 10

What are key skills in each consultation stage?

Answer 10

Initiating: greet, introduce, set agenda.

Gathering: open questions, explore ideas/concerns/expectations.

Explanation & planning: tailor information, confirm understanding.

Closing: summarise, agree next steps, safety-net.

Relationship: empathy, respect, body language, confidentiality.

Question 11

What is shared decision making?

Answer 11

A collaborative process where professional and patient share information and agree on the best plan based on clinical evidence and patient preferences.

Question 12

What is the purpose of health coaching?

Answer 12

To build confidence and capability so people can self-manage their health; turning professionals from “fixers” into “enablers.”

Question 13

What are key features of a health coaching approach?

Answer 13

Equal partnership, belief in potential, open questions, goal-setting, and action planning.

Question 14

What are key coaching tools and models?

Answer 14

GROW: Goal → Reality → Options → Will.

Four Es: Explore, Explain, Empower, Encourage.

OARS: Open questions, Affirmation, Reflective listening, Summarising.

Scaling questions and Rollnick’s Top 10 for motivation.

Question 15

When should health coaching be used?

Answer 15

For lifestyle or adherence change—smoking cessation, weight loss, chronic disease management—focusing on intrinsic motivation.

Question 16

What is motivational interviewing (MI)?

Answer 16

A person-centred guiding approach using OARS, empathy, discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy to encourage change.

Question 17

Why is reflection important in consultation skills?

Answer 17

It helps identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for development based on models and MR-CAT feedback.

Question 18

How should an action plan be created?

Answer 18

Identify skills to improve.

Select a consultation model to apply.

Implement shared decision-making and coaching.

Gather feedback and reassess regularly.

Question 19

How can development be sustained long-term?

Answer 19

Keep a reflective portfolio, engage in CPD, seek peer/patient feedback, and continuously evaluate progress.

Question 20

What is meant by medicines optimisation and adherence?

Answer 20

ensures medicines are used safely, effectively, and appropriately to achieve the best outcomes

It’s person-centred and considers the person’s beliefs and priorities

Question 21

Adherence

Answer 21

NICE CG76) means how closely the person’s behaviour matches agreed recommendations, replacing “compliance” to reflect partnership.

Question 22

Why is understanding the person’s experience important when receiving a medicine?

Answer 22

Because people may feel anxious or burdened.

Explore their ideas, concerns, and expectations builds trust

uncover barriers such as side-effects, stigma, or practical issues.

Question 23

What are common reasons people don’t take medicines as intended?

Answer 23

Unintentional: forgetfulness, dexterity or swallowing issues, complex regimens.

Intentional: beliefs, fear of dependency, side-effects, mistrust.
Understanding both allows tailored support.

Question 24

What is the role of the pharmacy professional in adherence?
(5)

Answer 24

Explore perspectives non-judgementally.

Share plain, evidence-based information.

Encourage shared decisions.

Remove practical barriers.

Record discussions and arrange follow-ups

Question 25

How should adherence support differ between patient groups?

Answer 25

Older adults: simplify, involve carers. Younger people: use motivational dialogue. Learning/physical disabilities: adapt communication, use visual aids. Mental health: build trust, review capacity, use care plans.