Cramming

Question 1

Outline the 4 stage cycle of the Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 1

1. Preparedness - educate to minimise -> speedy
2. Response - Emergency plans for less time = immediate
3. Recovery - restore to normality
   Short term = services
   Long term = pre-event
4. Mitigation - reduce severity (e.g: building)

Question 2

Outline the 3 stages of the Park Model

Answer 2

1. Relief (disruption in deterioration) Hours/days immediate response
2. Rehabilitation (recovery in deterioration) Days/weeks - temporary service to start reconstruction
3. Reconstruction (normality or improvement) Weeks/years - restore quality & mitigate future

Question 3

Outline how rift valleys form

Answer 3

Constructive plate margins with 2 continental crust
Brittle crust fractures when apart - land between falls between fault

Question 4

How do volcanoes form in rift valleys?

Answer 4

Thinner crust than neighbouring areas due to tension
Magma forces it’s way out of the crust = volcano

Question 5

Outline the East African Rift Valley

Answer 5

Nubian plate & Somali plate separate
4000km length (Mozambique - Red Sea) & 600m high walls
Volcano = Mt Nyiragongo

Question 6

Outline the formation of hot spots

Answer 6

Conc radioactive element -> magma plume rises through plate -> active volcanoes
Shield volcanoes - balsatic lava

Question 7

Outline the Hawaiian hotspots (newest & oldest)

Answer 7

Hawaiian Islands:
Newest = Hawaii
Oldest = Kauai (3.8mil yrs)

Question 8

Outline how the Hawaii hot spots become dormant

Answer 8

Hot spot stationary but plate moves so many volcanoes
Old volcanoes pressure on crust - subsidence + marine erosion = seamounts (underwater mountain)