3 Head & Neck Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of neurone is CNI?

A

Special visceral afferent

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2
Q

What is the central connection of CNI?

A

Olfactory bulb

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3
Q

Where does CNI exit from the skull?

A

Olfactory foramina in cribriform plate

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4
Q

What is the function of CNI?

A

Sense of smell, from receptor cells in nasal mucosa

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5
Q

What is the functional test of CNI?

A

Pungent smell applied to each nostril

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6
Q

What is the neurone type of CNII?

A

Special somatic afferent

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7
Q

Where is the central connection of CNII?

A

Thalamus

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8
Q

Where does CNII exit the skull?

A

Optic canal

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9
Q

What is the function of CNII?

A

Vision, from the retina of the eye to the brain

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10
Q

What is the functional test of CNII?

A

Visual acuity test - Amsler grid to record visual defects/macular function

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11
Q

What are the neurone types of CNIII?

A

General somatic efferent
General visceral efferent - PS motor

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12
Q

Where is the central connection of CNIII?

A

Midbrain

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13
Q

Where does CNIII exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

What are the functions of CNIII?

A

Innervates levator palpebrae superioris, med/inf/sup rectus and inf oblique
Innervates sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles for pupil constriction

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15
Q

What are the functional tests for CNIII?

A

Visual field test
Direct light, accommodation reflexes

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16
Q

What is the neurone type of CNIV?

A

General somatic efferent

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17
Q

What is the central connection of CNIV?

A

Midbrain

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18
Q

Where does CNIV exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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19
Q

What is the function of CNIV?

A

Innervates superior oblique muscle

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20
Q

What is the functional test for CNIV?

A

Visual field test

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21
Q

What are the neurone types of CNV?

A

General somatic afferent - 1 and 2
Branchial motor - 3

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22
Q

What is the central connection of CNV?

A

Pons

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23
Q

Where does CNV exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure - 1
Foramen rotundum - 2
Foramen ovale - 3

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24
Q

What are the functions of CNV?

A

Sensation in areas of the face - 1,2 and 3
Innervates muscles of mastication and tensor tympani - 3

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25
What are the functional tests of CNV?
Reaction to touch with closed eyes in each region Corneal reflex - 1 Jaw jerk reflex - 2 Open jaw against resistance - 3
26
What is the neurone type of CNVI?
General somatic efferent
27
What is the central connection of CNVI?
Pontomedullary junction
28
Where does CNVI exit the skull?
Superior orbital fissure
29
What is the function of CNVI?
Innervates lateral rectus which abducts the eye
30
What is the functional test of CNVI?
Visual field test
31
What are the neurone types of CNVII?
Special visceral afferent General visceral efferent - PS motor Special visceral efferent - branchial motor
32
Where it the central connection of CNVII?
Pontomedullary junction
33
Where does CNVII exit the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus - facial canal - stylomastoid foramen
34
What are the functions of CNVII?
Sensation from auricle and external acoustic meatus, taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue Innervates submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, glands, and nasal/oral cavity mucosal lining Innervates muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid and stapedius
35
What are the functional tests of CNVII?
First is rarely tested Assessment of dry mouth Raise eyebrows, show teeth, blow out cheeks and close eyes against resistance
36
What is the neurone type of CNVIII?
Special somatic afferent
37
Where is the central connection of CNVIII?
Pontomedullary junction
38
Where does CNVIII exit the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus
39
What are the functions of CNVIII?
Vestibular branch - sensation of equilibrium and balance Cochlear branch - sensation of hearing
40
What are the functional tests for CNVIII?
Vestibular branch - Dix-Hallpike positional test Cochlear - whispered voice test
41
What are the neurone types of CNIX?
General somatic afferent Special visceral afferent General visceral afferent General visceral efferent - PS motor Special visceral efferent (branchial motor)
42
Where is the central connection of CNIX?
Medulla oblongata
43
Where does CNIX exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
44
What are the functions of CNIX?
Sensory input from posterior 1/3 of tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, mucosa of middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid air cells Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue Sensory information from the carotid body Secretomotor for parotid gland Innervates stylopharyngeus, superior pharyngeal constrictor, assists in phonation and swallowing
45
What are the functional tests of CNIX and X?
Speech assessed for dysarthria pr dysphonia Patient says ‘Ah’ to move palate and uvula Patient puffs cheeks with lips closed (air will escape through nose with dysfunction) Assess strength of cough Swallow test
46
What are the neurone types of CNX?
General somatic afferent Special visceral afferent General visceral afferent General visceral efferent - PS motor Special visceral efferent - branchial motor
47
Where is the central connection of CNX?
Medulla oblongata
48
Where does CNX exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
49
What are the functions of CNX?
Sensory input from larynx, auricle, external acoustic meatus, dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa Taste from palate and epiglottis Information from aortic body, oesophagus, lungs, bronchi, heart, intestines Innervates intrathoracic and intraabdominal viscera including all smooth muscle and glands Innervates external laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles (except stylopharyngeus), permits phonation and swallowing, responsible for gag reflex
50
What is the neurone type of CNXI?
General somatic efferent
51
Where is the central connection of CNXI?
Medulla oblongata
52
Where does CNXI exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
53
What is the function of CNXI?
Innervates SCM, trapezius and the muscles of the soft palate
54
What is the functional test of CNXI?
Shrug shoulders, turn head against resistance on each side
55
What is the neurone type of CNXII?
General somatic efferent
56
Where is the central connection of CNXII?
Medulla oblongata
57
Where does CNXII exit the skull?
Hypoglossal canal
58
What is the function of CNXII?
Innervates all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossal which is innervated by vagus)
59
What is the functional test of CNXII?
Assess tongue for wasting/deviation when pushed out, say yellow lorry to assess speech
60
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNI?
Fracture of cribriform plate Anosmia (loss of smell)
61
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNII?
Direct trauma to orbit or eyeball Pressure on optic pathway Loss of pupillary constriction Visual field defects
62
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNIII?
Fracture involving cavernous sinus Eye turns down and out
63
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNIV?
Fracture of orbit Inability to look down when eye is adducted
64
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNV?
Injury to terminal branches - particularly V2 Loss of pain and touch sensations
65
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNVI?
Fracture involving cavernous sinus or orbit Eye fails to move laterally
66
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNVII?
Laceration in parotid region Intracranial hematoma (stroke) Paralysis of facial muscles Forehead wrinkles because of bilateral innervation of frontalis muscle
67
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNVIII?
Tumour of nerve - acoustic neuroma Progressive unilateral hearing loss
68
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNIX?
Brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck Loss of taste on posterior third of tongue
69
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNX?
Brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck Sagging of soft palate
70
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNXI?
Laceration of neck Paralysis of SCM and descending fibres of trapezius
71
What types of lesions and abnormal findings can be found in CNXII?
Neck laceration Protruded tongue deviates toward affected side
3 Head & Neck Anatomy
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