What cranial nerves are associated with the eye and ocular structures?
2,3,4,V1,V2,6,7
What does the afferent pathway do?
Take sensory information away from the organ.
-carry sensory information from cornea,iris,conjunctiva, and sclera
What areas give sensory information to the infratraochlear nerve?
- caruncle
- canaliculi
- lacrimal sac
- medial aspect of eye lid
- skin on side of the nose
How does the infratrochlear nerve run after it enters the orbit?
- it runs under the trochela
- runs along the upper border of the medial rectus then joins nasociliary nerve
What areas give sensory information to the anterior ethmoid nerve?
- skin from the center of the nose
- nasal mucosa
- ethmoid sinuses
What areas give sensory information to the posterior ethmoid nerve?
-ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses
How do the ethmoid nerves run?
–enter the orbit with their arteries then through a foramen within the frontoethmoid suture to join the nasociliary nerve
Where does sensory innervation exist in the cornea? Where does it not exist?
Yes: epithelium, anterior stroma, mid stroma
No: post stroma, Decemets membrane, endothelium
How many long ciliary nerves are there?
- 1 medial and 1 lateral
Describe the path of the long ciliary nerves
- go between sclera and the choroid to the back of the eye
- leave the globe 3mm on each side of the optic nerve
- then join nasocilary nerve
Aside from sensory information, what else do the long ciliary nerves do?
-transmit sympathetic fibers to dilator muscle of the iris
How many short ciliary nerves are there?
Many
Describe the path of the short ciliary nerves
- enter choroid and join choroidal nerves
- go to the back of the eye and leave as 6-10 short ciliary nerves
- exit the sclera as a ring around the optic nerve with the short ciliary arteries
- enter ciliary ganglion
- DO NOT SYNAPSE
- join nasociliary nerve
Name all of the nerves that join/ form the nasociliary nerve
- infratrochlear
- anterior and posterior ethmoid
- long ciliary nerves
- short ciliary nerve (sensory root from ciliary ganglia)
What is the path of the nasociliary nerve after it gets all of its input from the other nerves?
-pass through oculomotor foramen within common tendonous ring and superior orbital fissure to enter cranial cavity
Herpes zoster is associated with what sign? What does that indicate?
- Hutchinson’s sign
- nasociliary nerve is effected through infratrochlear nerve
- if posterior ciliary nerve is effected, the cornea is likely to be effected
What nerves make the frontal nerve?
Supraorbital and Supratrochlear
What areas give information to the supratrochlear nerve?
-skin, muscles of the forehead and upper eyelid
How does the supratrochlear nerve enter the orbit?
Piercing the superiormedial corner of the orbital septum
What is the path of the frontal nerve?
- between levator muscle and the periorbita
- exits orbit through the superior orbital fissure ABOVE the common tendonous ring
What areas give information to the lacrimal nerve?
- lateral aspect of the upper eye lid and temple area
- lacrimal gland
Describe the path of the lacrimal nerve
- runs posteriorly along the upper border of the lateral rectus muscle
- exits orbit through superior orbital fissure above the annulus of Zinn
The lacrimal nerve receives a branch from ________________ which carries autonomic innervation of the lacrimal gland
Zygomatic nerve
Name the nerves that come together and form the ophthalmic division of trigeminal
- frontal
- lacrimal
- nasociliary
