Cranial nerves

Question 1

what are the four cranial nerves associated with the parasympathetic division

Answer 1

• oculomotor
• facial
• glossopharyngeal
• vagus

Question 2

what is the sympathetic division of the cranial nerves

Answer 2

superior cervical ganglian

Question 3

what is the oculomotor nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division

Answer 3

• travels to the ciliary ganglion

- this goes on to innervate the ciliary muscle and the pupillary constrictor muscle of the iris

Question 4

what is the facial nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division

Answer 4

• this travels to the pterygopalatine ganglion:
• this goes on to innervate the lacrimal glands and small glands of nasal cavity, oral cavity and palate
• this also travels to the submandibular ganglion
• this goes on to innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 5

what is the glossopharyngeal nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division

Answer 5

• this travels to the otic ganglian

- this will go on to innervate the parotid gland

Question 6

CN I

Answer 6

• Olfactory Nerve

Functional modality: special senseory: olfaction (smell)

skull passageway: cribiform plate foramina

where it synapses: in the olfactory bulbs

Question 7

CN II

Answer 7

• Optic Nerve

Functional modality: special sensory: visual sense information

skull passageway: optic canal

• runs through the brain tract and is covered by the meninges

Question 8

CN III

Answer 8

oculomotor nerve

Functional modality: somatic motor and visceral motor

skull passageway: superior orbital fissure

Question 9

describe the somatic motor modality of CN III

Answer 9

• this innervates four of the six extrinsic eye muscles
• superior rectus
• the inferior rectus
• the medial rectus
• inferior oblique

this also innervates the levator palpebrae superioris

Question 10

describe the visceral motor modality of CN III

Answer 10

this is the oculomotor nerve’s role in the parasympathetic division

• the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the ciliary ganglion
• the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the iris and the ciliary muscle

Question 11

CN IV

Answer 11

trochlear nerve

functional modality: somatic motor

skull passageway:superior orbital fissue

this innervates the superior oblique

Question 12

CN VI

Answer 12

Abducens nerve

functional modality: somatic motor

skull passageway:superior orbital fissure

this innervates the lateral rectus

Question 13

CN V

Answer 13

trigeminal nerve

This has three divisions:

• ophthalmic (V1)
• maxillary (V2)
• mandibular (V3)

functional modalities: between the three divisions this nerve does somatic special motor and somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)

Question 14

describe the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 14

this is V1

skull passageway: superior orbital fissure

functional modalities: somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)

this innervates the cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp

the sensory axons enter the cranium and synapse at the trigeminal ganglion before entering the pons

Question 15

describe the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 15

this is the V2

functional modalities: somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)

this innervates the nasal mucosa, palate, gums, and cheek

the sensory axons enter the cranium and synapse at the trigeminal ganglion before entering the pons

Question 16

describe the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 16

this is V3

functional modalities: somatic special motor and somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain)

somatic (special) motor: this innervates the muscles of mastication, myelohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor tympani muscle, and tensor veli palatine

somatic sensory (touch/ temperature/ pain) : this innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, meninges, skin of the chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, and part of the ear

the sensory axons enter the cranium and synapse at the trigeminal ganglion before entering the pons

Question 17

CN VII special sensory

Answer 17

• facial nerve

- this is taste and it is from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 18

CN VII visceral motor

Answer 18

• facial nerve
• this innervates the lacrimal, sublingual, and submandibular glands
• this is the parasympathetic innervation
• the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the pterygopalatine and submandibular glanglia

Question 19

CN VII visceral sensory

Answer 19

• facial nerve

this is receiving sensory information from the lacrimal sublingual and submandibular glands

Question 20

CN VII somatic sensory

Answer 20

• facial nerve

- this receives information from the small area behind the ear

Question 21

CN VII somatic (special) motor

Answer 21

• facial nerve
• this innervates the posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid, strapedius muscles, and muscles of facial expression

skull passageway: enters the skull through the internal acoustic meatus
- the branch to the facial muscles exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen

Question 22

CN VIII

Answer 22

• vestibulocohlear Nerve
• functional modality: special sensory
  - vesibular branch: eqilibrium and balance
  - cochlear branch: hearing
• skull passageway: internal acoustic meatus

Question 23

CN IX special sensory

Answer 23

• glossopharyngeal nerve

- taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 24

CN IX somatic sensory

Answer 24

• glossopharyngeal nerve

- this innervates the pharynx

Question 25

CN IX visceral sensory

Answer 25

- glossopharyngeal nerve | - this innervates the carotid bodies and the parotid gland

Question 26

CN IX somatic (special) sensory

Answer 26

- glossopharyngeal nerve | - this innervates the stylopharyngeus

Question 27

CN IX visceral motor

Answer 27

- glossopharyngeal nerve - this innervates the parotid gland - this is the parasympathetic division - the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the otic ganglion

Question 28

CN IX

Answer 28

- this is the glossopharyngeal nerve - it has all five modalities skull passageway: jugular foramen

Question 29

CN X

Answer 29

Vagus nerve functional modalities: this has all five modalities skull passageway: jugular foramen

Question 30

CN X special sensory

Answer 30

vagus nerve - this is taste from the base of the tongue, epiglottis, and upper pharynx

Question 31

CN X visceral motor

Answer 31

vagus nerve - this goes to the heart, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, abdominal organs up to 1st 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 32

CN X visceral sensory

Answer 32

vagus nerve - this goes to the heart, lungs, abdominal organs up to 1st 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 33

CN X somatic sensory

Answer 33

vagus nerve - this is for touch and pain sensation - this goes to the external acoustic meatus, eardrum, laryngopharynx, and larynx

Question 34

CN X somatic (special) motor

Answer 34

Vagus nerve - goes to the pharynx, larynx, and palate muscles

Question 35

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 35

this is a branch of the vagus nerve and it branches in the thorax - it loops under the arch of the aorta and returns to the neck to innervate the laryngeal muscles

Question 36

CN XI

Answer 36

accessory nerve functional modality: somatic (special) motor skull passageway: jugular foramen this innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 37

CN XII

Answer 37

hypoglossal nerve functional modalities: somatic motor skull passage way: hypoglossal canal innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue