What are the flows of Globalisation?
- Commodities
- Capital
- Information
- Migrants
- Tourists
- Ideas
These flows represent the various elements that contribute to the process of globalisation.
The global shift of manufacturing to Asia & India has led to benefits such as:
- Infrastructure investment
- Waged work
- Poverty reduction
- Education and training
These benefits highlight the positive impacts of manufacturing relocation.
The global shift of manufacturing to Asia & India has led to costs such as:
- Growing inequalities
- Loss of productive land
- Unplanned settlements
- Environmental & resource degradation
These costs reflect the negative consequences of manufacturing shifts.
What are the measures of Economic and Social Development?
- Economic Measures
- Social Development Measures (HDI, GII)
- Environmental Quality Measures
These measures assess the overall development of a region or country.
The shrinking world is caused by:
- Jet aircraft
- Container ships
These advancements in transportation have made global travel and trade more accessible.
What contributes to Time Space compression?
- Mobile phones
- Internet
- Social networking
- Electronic banking
- Fibre optics
These technologies have accelerated communication and interaction across distances.
Globalisation has impacted people’s well-being and the environment through:
- Air & water pollution
- Land degradation
- Over-exploitation of resources
- Loss of biodiversity
These impacts highlight the environmental challenges associated with globalisation
Name the three international organisations.
- WTO
- WB
- IMF
These organisations play significant roles in global economic governance.
National Governments have helped develop Globalisation by:
- free market liberalisation
- privatisation
- encouraging business start-ups
- SEZs in new regions e.g. China
Deindustrialised regions face problems due to economic restructuring, including:
- High unemployment
- Dereliction
- Contamination
- Depopulation
- Crime
These issues are common in areas that have lost manufacturing jobs.
What are the pull factors for rural to urban migration in developing countries?
- Better jobs
- Improved living standards
- Urban amenities
These factors attract individuals from rural areas to cities.
What are the push factors for rural to urban migration in developing countries?
- Job scarcity
- Poor living conditions
- Inadequate services
These factors drive individuals away from rural areas.
What are the social problems associated with globalisation?
- Overcrowding
- Infrastructure strain
- Crime
- Environmental problems- pollution, loss of green spaces
- Waste
These problems arise as urban areas grow rapidly due to migration.
Cultural Erosion leads to:
- Loss of language, Loss of food, Loss of music, Loss of clothes, Loss of social relations
- Loss of indigenous lifestyles
- De-valuing larger-scale ecosystem
## Footnote
These losses reflect the impact of globalisation on local cultures.
Local Responses to Globalisation include:
- Local sourcing
- Fair trade and ethical consumption
- Recycling
- Sustainability actions
These responses aim to mitigate the negative effects of globalisation.
What are the environmental problems associated with globalisation?
- Pollution
- Loss of green spaces
- Waste
These issues highlight the environmental degradation linked to increased global activity.
What does the Gini Coefficient measure?
Income inequality
The Gini Coefficient is a statistical measure that represents the income distribution of a nation’s residents.
What are the global impacts of income inequality?
- Winners
- Losers
Globalization can create disparities where some benefit significantly while others may suffer.
What is one environmental impact of income inequality?
Resource allocation disparities
Income inequality can lead to unequal access to resources, affecting environmental sustainability.
What does differential progress refer to in the context of income inequality?
Uneven development across different regions or groups
Some areas or populations may advance economically while others lag behind.
Name two methods through which TNCS contribute to globalisation.
- Outsourcing
- Offshoring
These methods allow companies to take advantage of economic liberalisation.
What is meant by glocalisation in the context of globalisation?
The adaptation of global products to local markets
Glocalisation helps in the development of new markets.
List three drivers of globalisation.
- TNCS
- Global media
- Tourism and migration
These drivers facilitate cultural diffusion and the spread of Westernised culture.
How does global media influence cultural diffusion?
By promoting Westernised culture
TNCS often use global media to spread their cultural influence.
