Reiman and Leighton say that
“crime is a carnival mirror”
What does crime correlate to?
- age
- social class
- visible minority status
What is the difference between deviance and crime?
deviance is the diversion from the norm. crime diverts from the norm in an illegal manner
What did Hagan study?
Consensus and conflict crimes
What is a consensus crime
agreed by all that they’re the worst and carry the harshest sanctions
what is a conflict crime?
agreed by everyone to be very harmful and have the harshest sanctions
explain the three levels of control
formal by authority
informal by friends and family
and the strongest type, self control
the crime funnel shows what at the top and what at the bottom?
crime is high on top. incarceration is low on bottom
What did becker study?
moral crusaders and moral panic
What causes moral panic and what’re the stages?
Self-proclaimed vigilantes.
- concern: towards a group
- hostility: towards the group
- consensus: fear-mongering by community
- disproportionality: exaggerated fear
- volatility : arise and fade quickly
how do pluralists create laws?
society reflects what it deems important and everyone has a say
how do conflict theorists create laws?
the bourgeois create laws and the lower class is criminalised
how do postmodernists create laws?
those who spread the news control law
What is Merton’s theory?
strain theory –> when pressured enough, humans will commit crime and deviation
What is the learning theory?
we learn deviation by interacting with deviants
what is control theory>\?
people conform because of self control
what is the majority of crime commited in canada?
property
what does mala in se mean?
mala: bad
in se: evil
= consensus
what does mala prohibita mean?
mala: bad
prohibita: prohibited
= conflict crime
list Merton’s typology
- conformity: follows the status quo way to get to society’s goal
- innovation: wants society’s goal but follows illegitimate ways
- ritualist: accepts he will never achieve goals but conforms anyways
- retreatism: doesn’t want goal or the way
- rebel: makes up new goal and new way
