Critical Thinking

Question 1

What is the definition of critical thinking

Answer 1

Thinking and reasoning aimed at self-improvement, truth, deliberate, proper patterns of reasoning.

Question 2

What are other definitions of Critical Thinking

Answer 2

• Being curious and thinking creatively
• Separating the thinker from the position
• Knowing oneself enough to avoid biases and errors of thought
• Having intellectual honesty, humility, and charity
• Understanding arguments, reasons, and evidence

Question 3

Propositions

Answer 3

Statements that can be true or false.

Question 4

Non-propositions

Answer 4

Statements that can’t be argued, because it would not make sense to do so. Does not make a claim to be true or false.

Question 5

What actions do Non-propositions perform?

Answer 5

• Exhort
• Command
• Plead/Request
• Question
• Perform

Question 6

Simple Proposition

Answer 6

A statement that has no logical structure, and simply true or false based on the context of the world around it

Question 7

Complex Proposition

Answer 7

A statement that has logical structure and is the combination of 2 simple propositions. the statement depends on whether the two propositions are true or false and how they are logically connected.

Question 8

What 2 ways can arguments go wrong?

Answer 8

• Bad inferential structure
• False premises

Question 9

What is an argument

Answer 9

• A set of statements with a premise and a conclusion.

Question 10

Define Premise

Answer 10

• A claim, or evidence that is suppose to support the conclusion.

Question 11

Define Conclusion

Answer 11

• A statement in which the whole argument is trying to prove

Question 12

-Therefore-
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 12

Conclusion Indicator

Question 13

-Since-
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 13

Premise

Question 14

-As indicated-
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 14

Premise

Question 15

-So-
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 15

Conclusion

Question 16

-It follows that-
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 16

Conclusion

Question 17

Hence
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 17

Conclusion

Question 18

Thus
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 18

Conclusion

Question 19

Entails that
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 19

Conclusion

Question 20

Wherefore
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 20

Conclusion

Question 21

As a result
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 21

Conclusion

Question 22

As
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 22

Premise

Question 22

In that
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 22

Premise

Question 22

For
Premise or Conclusion indicator

Question 23

Given that Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 23

Premise

Question 24

For Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 24

Premise

Question 25

Because Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 25

Premise

Question 25

As Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 25

Premise

Question 25

In that Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 25

Premise

Question 25

Given that Premise or Conclusion indicator

Answer 25

Premise

Question 26

What is an argument?

Answer 26

A combination of statements that contain both premises and conclusions.

Question 27

What are the key components to an argument?

Answer 27

- A conclusion that intends to be supported - Premises that logically support a conclusion

Question 28

What are of a non-argument

Answer 28

- Stories - Explanations - Set of statements without an inference

Question 29

What are 2 types of arguments?

Answer 29

Inductive and Deductive

Question 30

What is an deductive argument?

Answer 30

An argument that intends to provide evidence that the conclusion must necessarily be true.

Question 31

I’m what is an inductive argument?

Answer 31

An argument where the premises provide evidence that the conclusion more or less likely be true.

Question 32

What are types of deductive inferences?

Answer 32

Valid arguments Sound arguments

Question 33

What is a valid argument?

Answer 33

Where if the premise is true then the conclusion must be true. (Does not matter if it is true or not)

Question 34

What is a sound argument

Answer 34

Is valid and has TRUE premises.

Question 35

What are inductive inferences?

Answer 35

Strong arguments Cogent arguments

Question 36

What are strong arguments?

Answer 36

Where the premises are true, then the conclusion is likely to be true.

Question 37

What’s a cogent argument?

Answer 37

Where the argument is strong and has true premises.

Question 38

What is a fallacy

Answer 38

Argument that contains bad reasoning.

Question 39

What’s an informal fallacy?

Answer 39

Something bad because of its content

Question 40

What’s a formal fallacy

Answer 40

Something bad because of the structure

Question 41

Affirming the consequence (Deductive arguments)

Answer 41

If A, then C. C. Therefore, A.

Question 42

Denying the antecedent (Deductive arguments)

Answer 42

If A, then C. Not A. Therefore, not C.

Question 43

Types of informal fallacies (for inductive arguments)

Answer 43

Begging the question Fallacy Fallacy

Question 44

Begging the question

Answer 44

Circular argument where the premise assumes the truth conclusion X; therefore X.

Question 45

Fallacy Fallacy

Answer 45

Argument X commits a fallacy; therefore X is false.

Question 46

Modus Ponens

Answer 46

Affirming the consequence

Question 47

Modus Tollens

Answer 47

Denying the antecedent