Defined by Dressed and Mayhew (1954)
The ability to define a problem, select pertinent information needed to solve the problem
Critical thinking
Defined by Dressed and Mayhew (1954)
Ability to recognize stated & unstated assumption, formulate or select relevant and promising hypothesis
Critical thinking
Defined by Dressed and Mayhew (1954)
Ability to draw valid conclusions and judge the validity of inferences
Critical thinking
Defined by Watson and Glaser (1964)
A composite of attitudes of inquiry, knowledge of the nature of valid inferences, abstractions and generalization and skills in employing and applying these attitudes and this knowledge
Critical thinking
Defined by Watson and Glaser (1964)
More than collection of skill, but also frame of mind and attitude
critical thinking
Defined by Parker and Moore
The careful, deliberate determination of whether one should accept, reject or suspend judgement about a claim and the degree of confidence with which one accepts or rejects it
critical thinking
A way of interacting with the world that is relative, open, and generative
Critical thinking
It is purposeful and reflective judgement about what to believe or what to do in response to observations, experience, verbal or written expressions or arguments
Critical thinking
Calls for persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the evidence that supports it and the further conclusions to which it tends
Critical thinking
This includes identification of prejudice, bias, propaganda, self-deception, distortions, misinformation, etc.
Critical thinking
____ has a connotation of disapproval, which is not always true with critical thinking. A critical evaluation of an argument must be ____
- Critical
- good
This employs not only logic but broad intellectual criteria, such as clarity, credibility, accuracy, precision, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, significance and fairness.
Critical thinking
This is is important, it enables one to analyze, evaluate, explain and restructure our thinking, decreasing the risk of adopting, acting or thinking with a false belief
Critical thinking
Even with knowledge of methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, mistakes can happen, due to inability to apply the methods or character traits such as ____
egocentrism
Critical thinking varies according to ____
motivation
If grounded on selfish motives, this is often manifested in skillful manipulation of ideas for self-service or groups vested interest
critical thinking
It is typically with intellectual flaws, no matter how pragmatically successful it might be.
Critical thinking
Analysis of definitions: Critical thinking
- is ____, reason and truth-oriented (based on evidence)
- is tied to belief or action (done for some ____)
- holds up to certain evaluative ____
- involves making ____
- nonbiased
- purpose
- criteria
- judgements
Crtical thinking in learning
Students construct in their mind basic principles, ideas, and theories
Principle of internalization
Crtical thinking in learning
students effectively use principles, ideas, and theories as they become relevant to their lives
process of application
Crtical thinking and other concepts
- Knowledge & experience to address problem usually with correct answer.
- Limited approaches works, not necessarily long-term perspective
Problem solving
Crtical thinking and other concepts
- Reasoning about open-ended or ill-structured problems
- Questioning most of the time
Critical thinking [problem solving]
Crtical thinking and other concepts
- Linear, objective approach to problems to find solutions.
- Minimize bias & personal involvement
Scientific method
Crtical thinking and other concepts
- Reflective, involves personal investments, nonlinear (messy)
- Not focused on solving problem or answer questions
Critical thinking [scientific method]
