Critically Reflexive Practice

Question 1

Disability a social construct?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Physically Activity Socially
Constructed?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

1. What is Critically Reflexive Practice?

Answer 3

• Involves examining assumptions, values, and actions and how they affect others.
• Encourages collaboration and responsiveness in management.
• Helps uncover how realities and identities are socially constructed.

Question 4

Critically Reflexive Practice? Three main teaching tools:

Answer 4

1. Exercises on socially constructed reality
2. A reflective–reflexive map
3. Critically reflexive journaling

Question 5

What is Reflexivity

Answer 5

• Defined as an “unsettling” of assumptions, discourses, and practices (Pollner, 1991).
• Requires questioning what counts as “good management practice.”

Question 6

Importance in Management Education

Answer 6

• Goes beyond efficiency — focuses on developing critical thinkers and moral practitioners.
• Managers influence individuals, communities, societies, and the environment.
• Prepares them for ambiguity, uncertainty, and ethical dilemmas.

Question 7

Benefits of Critically Reflexive Practice

Answer 7

• Challenges assumptions such as:
  
  • Decisions based only on profit/efficiency
  • One “rational” way of managing
  • Professionals always know best
• Promotes:
  
  • Awareness of multiple perspectives
  • Avoiding complacency
  • Transforming management practices

Question 8

Key Issues in Critical Reflexivity

Answer 8

1. Existential – Who am I, and who do I want to be?
2. Relational – How do I relate to others and the world?
3. Praxis – Taking ethical action through questioning past and future possibilities.

Question 9

Traditional Pedagogy

Answer 9

Freire’s “Banking” Approach (traditional):

• Reality = objective
• Learning = cognitive only (mind separate from body/emotions)
• Knowledge = applied to align with organizational efficiency

Question 10

Social Constructionism

Answer 10

• Reality = co-constructed in daily interactions
• Learning = embodied, relational, responsive
• Praxis = questioning assumptions and exploring new possibilities

Social constructionism is a theory that explores how knowledge and meaning are created through social interactions, emphasizing that many aspects of our perceived reality are socially constructed rather than inherently objective.

Question 11

“Being Struck”

Answer 11

• Learning often comes from emotional, cognitive, or physiological reactions (e.g., aha! moments, unease).
• Encourages recognition of diverse perspectives and shared responsibility for learning.

Question 12

Developing Critically Reflexive Practice

Answer 12

• Single-loop learning (reflective): Problem-solving, correcting errors.
• Double-loop learning (critical reflexivity): Questioning deeper assumptions, values, and theories.

Question 13

Single-loop learning

Answer 13

Problem-solving, correcting errors.

Question 14

Double-loop learning

Answer 14

(critical reflexivity):** Questioning deeper assumptions, values, and theories.

Question 15

Three Teaching Practices: of Developing Critically Reflexive Practice

Answer 15

1. Reflex interaction / reflective analysis critically reflexive questioning
2. Class activities to show socially constructed reality
3. Reflexive journals

Question 16

Reflex Interaction:

Answer 16

Spontaneous, instinctive responses (habit, tacit knowledge).

Question 17

Reflective Analysis:

Answer 17

Thoughtful, retrospective or anticipatory reasoning (e.g., folding arms the opposite way).

Question 18

Critically Reflexive Questioning

Answer 18

• Explores how we construct realities and relationships.
• Surfaces contradictions, silences, and hidden assumptions.
• Encourages examining tacit ideologies and conversational practices.

Question 19

Journals as a Tool

Answer 19

• Journals foster self-learning and surfacing tacit knowledge.
• Support double-loop learning by questioning assumptions.
• Enable development of personal “practical theories.”

Question 20

Common Issues: in jorunals as a tool

Answer 20

1. Comfort Zone: Some find it too personal → Drucker’s “Managing Oneself” offers structure.
2. Is it a diary? No, it’s not descriptive but analytical (focusing on assumptions & being “struck”).
3. Navel-gazing? No, journals must lead to “so what now?” actions.
4. Grading challenges: No right/wrong answers → grading based on depth, questioning, and insight.