What is croup?
An inflammation of the larynx and trachea that is usually caused by viruses.
What is another name for croup?
Laryngotracheobronchitis.
Why is it called laryngotracheobronchitis?
Because inflammation and edema of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi occur as a result of viral infection.
What virus most often causes croup?
Parainfluenza.
What age group is most frequently affected by croup?
Children between 3 months and 3 years of age (rarely over 6 years of age).
How long does croup usually last?
About 3 to 5 days.
How does inflammation affect the airway in croup?
Inflammation and edema obstruct the airway.
How can mucus affect the airway in croup?
Mucus production can obstruct the airway.
What complications may occur with croup?
Worsening respiratory distress, hypoxia, or bacterial superinfection (as in bacterial tracheitis).
How do symptoms of croup typically progress?
Symptoms typically worsen at night, start suddenly, and improve by morning.
What causes audible inspiratory stridor in croup?
Narrowing of the subglottic area of the trachea.
What causes hoarseness in croup?
Edema of the larynx.
What causes the characteristic barking cough of croup?
Inflammation in the larynx and trachea.
How is croup commonly managed?
Can be managed on an outpatient basis; hospitalization is rarely needed.
When might hospitalization be needed for croup?
With significant stridor at rest or severe retractions after a several-hour period of observation.
What treatment reduces airway inflammation in croup?
A single dose (usually) of corticosteroid.
How does racemic epinephrine help in croup?
Via alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction, it shrinks mucosal edema.
How is croup diagnosed?
Based on history and clinical presentation.
What imaging may be done with suspected croup?
A lateral neck x-ray can be done to rule out epiglottitis.
What activity should be encouraged for a child with croup at home?
Keep the child quiet and discourage crying.
What position is recommended for a child with croup?
Allow the child to sit up (in your arms).
What should be encouraged at home for a child with croup?
Rest and fluid intake.
What should be done if stridor occurs at home?
Take the child into a steamy bathroom for 10 minutes.
What medication may be administered at home as directed?
Corticosteroids.
