cryptography

Question 1

Cryptography is from ___ and ___

Answer 1

Kryptos which means hidden
graphein which means to write

Question 2

Literally cryptography translates to ___

Answer 2

hidden writing

Question 3

The use of cryptography can be traced to the ancient ____ and their use of ___

Answer 3

Egyptians, hieroglyphs

Question 4

cryptography is used rto create various types of encryption protocols

Answer 4

• 128 and 256-bit encryption
• Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
• Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Question 5

SImplest cryptographic type

Answer 5

Symmetric key cryptography

Question 6

sometimes known as “public key” system

Answer 6

asymmetric cryptography

Question 7

Only the intended recipient can access and read the information, so
conversations and data remain private.

Answer 7

Confidentiality

Question 8

Cryptography ensures that the encoded data cannot be modified or
tampered with enroute from the sender to the receiver without leaving traceable
marks— an example of this is digital signatures.

Answer 8

Integrity

Question 9

identities and destinations (or origins) are verified.

Answer 9

Authentication

Question 10

Senders become accountable for their messages since they
cannot later deny that the message was transmitted

Answer 10

Non-repudiation

Question 11

early pioneer in the field of cryptography

Answer 11

IBM

Question 12

IBM released ___ encryption in the 1960s which became the first ___

Answer 12

Lucifer, Data Encryption Standard

Question 13

This simpler form of cryptography takes its name from the fact that both the sender and receiver share one key to encrypt and decrypt information.

Answer 13

Symmetric Key Cryptography

Question 14

Some examples of this are the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

Answer 14

Symmetric Key Cryptography

Question 15

A more secure type of cryptography, this involves
both the sender and receiver having two keys: one public and one private.

Answer 15

Asymmetric Key Cryptography

Question 16

The ___ algorithm is the most popular form of asymmetric
cryptography.

Answer 16

Rivest-Shamir-Adleman

Question 17

These are types of cryptographic algorithms that do not involve the
use of keys. Instead, a hash value is created based on the length of the plain text information and used
to encrypt the data.

Answer 17

Hash Functions

Question 18

a number of fixed lengths that acts as a unique
data identifier

Answer 18

hash

Question 19

Symmetric encryption is sometimes called ____ because one single secret key is used to encrypt and decrypt information.

Answer 19

secret key cryptography

Question 20

These work on a single byte of data at a time and regularly change
the encryption key.

Answer 20

Stream ciphers

Question 21

These work on a single byte of data at a time and regularly change
the encryption key.

Answer 21

Block ciphers

Question 22

sometimes referred to as public-key encryption

Answer 22

Asymmetric cryptography

Question 23

___ encrypts and decrypts messages using algorithms.

Answer 23

Asymmetric key cryptography

Question 24

The first type of asymmetric cryptography to be created, RSA is the basis of
digital signatures and key exchanges, among other things.

Answer 24

Rivest-Shamir-Adleman

Question 25

Tha algorithm is based on the principle of factorization

Answer 25

Rivest-Shamir-Adleman

Question 26

Often found in smartphones and on cryptocurrency exchanges, __employs the algebraic structure of elliptic curves to build complex algorithms.

Answer 26

Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Question 27

Built on the principles of modular exponentiations, ___ is the gold standard for verifying electronic signatures and was created by the National Institute of Standards and Technologies.

Answer 27

Digital Signature Algorithm

Question 28

This unique algorithm negates the need for a message recipient to provide their public key to the sender. Instead, a known unique identifier is used by the sender to generate a public key to encode the message.

Answer 28

Identity-based Encryption

Question 29

ATTACKS Keys are a collection of random numbers used with an encryption algorithm to alter and disguise data so that it is incomprehensible to others.

Answer 29

Weak keys

Question 30

ATTACKS Keys need to be used correctly—if they are not, hackers can easily crack them to access the data they are supposed to protect.

Answer 30

Using key incorrectly

Question 31

ATTACKS Like passwords, each key should be unique— using the same key across different systems weakens the ability of cryptography to protect data.

Answer 31

Reusing keys for different purposes

Question 32

ATTACKS keys can be compromised by individuals who legitimately have access to them—such as an employee— and who them sells them on for nefarious purposes.

Answer 32

Insider threats

Question 33

ATTACKS Keys can be compromised by individuals who legitimately have access to them—such as an employee— and who them sells them on for nefarious purposes.

Answer 33

Forgetting the backup

Question 34

ATTACKS Broad attacks that try to randomly guess private keys using the known algorithm.

Answer 34

Brute force

Question 35

ATTACKS These attacks involve a third party intercepting the encrypted message—not the plaintext—and trying to work out the key to decrypt the information, and later, the plaintext.

Answer 35

Ciphertext-only attacks

Question 36

ATTACKS The opposite of a chosen plaintext attack, here, the attacker analyses a section of ciphertext against its corresponding plaintext to discover the key.

Answer 36

Chose ciphertext attack

Question 37

ATTACKS Here, the third party chooses the plaintext for a corresponding ciphertext to begin working out the encryption key.

Answer 37

Chose plaintext attack

Question 38

ATTACKS In this case, the attacker randomly accesses part of the plaintext and part of the ciphertext and begins to figure out the encryption key. This is less useful for modern cryptography as it works best with simple ciphers.

Answer 38

Known plaintext attack

Question 39

ATTACKS In these attacks, the cybercriminal analyses the algorithm to try and work out the encryption key.

Answer 39

Algorithm attacks

Question 40

MITIGATION for example, use unique keys for authentication and digital signatures .

Answer 40

one key for each specific purpose

Question 41

___ is the science of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable format — only reversible by those with the correct key or method.

Answer 41

Cryptography