CS: Bleeding

Question 1

How does shock manifest in cats?

Answer 1

Can be bradycardia not necessarily tachycardia

Question 2

Shock dose rates?

Answer 2

90ml/kg/hr dogs

60ml/kg/hr cats

Question 3

At what platelet count does spontaneous haemorrahge occour? INjection/FNA?

Answer 3

25x10^9 spontaneous

50x10^9 with trauma

Question 4

Ddx for thrombocytopenia?

Answer 4

Production
- myelopthisis (neoplasia in BM) 
- infectious BM 
-
Consumption
- immune mediated
- DIC 
Sequestration
- splenic/hepatic dz

Question 5

Triggers of immune mediated thrombocytonpenia?

Answer 5

- most commonly idiopathic 
> r/o 
- tick borne dz
- infection 
- neoplasia
- vax/drugs

Question 6

How is prednisolone dosed?

Answer 6

• 2-4mg/kg/d PO 25kg use allometric dosing scheme otherwsie side effects

Question 7

What may be given concurrently with prednisolone especially in a thrmobocytopenic animal?

Answer 7

• omeprazole/gastric protectants

Question 8

How long should immune mediated thrombocytopenia take to improve on immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone

Answer 8

~week, some take more

Question 9

If refractory to prednisolone, what can you tx IMT with?

Answer 9

• IV Ig (block FcR)
• vincristine
• mebs azathioprine
• mebs cyclosprine

Question 10

Where should you not sample from if coagulopathy or esp thrombocytopenia ddx?

Answer 10

• jugular (cannot occlude without occluding airways)

- cystocentesis

Question 11

Normal dog USG?

Answer 11

1.025-1.035

Question 12

Tx of a. vasorum?

Answer 12

• fenbendazole (x 5d courses) high dose rate over 1-2months (NL)
• imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-ono (LIC) single application (lower efficacy, give monthly)
• milbemycin (lic)

Question 13

Things to look for when treating a. vasorum?

Answer 13

Parasitic emboli

• dont excercise
• rest min 10d

Question 14

Dx a. vasorum?

Answer 14

• IDEX Snap test
• feacal smer LI
• bearmanns feacal flotation

Question 15

What electrolyte imbalances can a. vasorum cause?

Answer 15

• granuloma -> vit D metabolism problems -> Hypercalcaemia ?

Question 16

Givig vit K

Answer 16

• SQ initially (human prep -> analphylaxis if given IV)

- New vet formulation an be given IV

Question 17

When would hypertonic fluids be useful?

Answer 17

• loss of plasma oncotic pressure

- bran oedema