Poverty
Long term poor standard of living
Inequality
Economic differences between people on a variety of scales
Forms of deprivation 4
- Income
- Health
- Environment
- Education
Birmingham deprivation facts
- 3rd most deprived city in the UK
- Over 50% of Birmingham wards in the top 10% most deprived
- Sutton Four Oaks least, Sparkhill the most
Sutton Four Oaks vs Sparkhill
- Ethnicity = 85% white / 62% asian
- Unemployed = 20% / 46%
- Health = 91% / 81%
Methods of reducing inequality in Birmingham 5
- School investment
- Living wage lead by Birmingham council
- Wider learning scheme to help address digital poverty in 2021
- Housing mandates
- Environmental improvement
Factors for diversity in cities
- Employment opportunities
- Tolerant of immigrants with people of same ethnicity already there
- Specialist shops and services
Birmingham diversity facts
- Only 53% of population white british
- Pakistani and black 7% average = 2
Economic issues due to diversity
- Migrants may meet labour shortages however may lead to resentment
- Can lead to rise in rents
Social issues due to diversity
- Schools can become dominated by one ethnic group
- Health average worse living in inner city
Religious issues due to diversity
- Migrants may disrupt local communities
- Women may be disadvantaged
Living wage strategy
Birmingham city council has created the living wage foundation since 2012
School strategy
£200 million invested to improve standards post pandemic
Affordable housing strategy
35%of new residential projects have to be designated for affordable housing
Environment strategy
Aiming to reduce emissions by 2027 and 80% by 2050
Mumbai diversity
- Very few International migrants mostly rural to urban
- Economic incentive
- People divided by religion (Hindu, Muslim)
- 69% hindu
Forms of segregation
- self segregation
- forced segregation
Self segregation
Individuals take themselves away
Forced segregation
Housing, services, or other external factors create a divided environment
Solutions to segregation
- Increasing access to education and opportunities
- Improving literacy
- Initiatives to provide key skills
- Cross community projects
Inequality facts Mumbai
- 67% have lived in Dharavi for less than 10 years
- 43% earn 5000 rupees(£50) a month
- 71% only have access to public toilets
