Gives some examples of culture heritage place?
NY
Liverpool (e.g. beetles)
Soton (titanic)
What is cultural heritage?
Takes it into account
- Archaeological
- Architecture
- Landscape and Aesthetics
Explain the National Grid.
> National Grid has 571km (355 miles) of pylon lines running through national parks and areas of outstanding natural beauty (AONB) in England and Wales.
> The shortlisted areas are in the Snowdonia, Peak District, New Forest and Brecon Beacons national parks, and the Dorset, Tamar Valley, High Weald and North Wessex Downs AONBs, totalling 25km of lines.
What does putting the lines down require? (National grid).
- Requires a 50-metre-wide trench to be dug to about twom deep, to accomodate to six lines carried by pylons
- Hard rocks or archaeological sites can also present obstacles
- Alternatives include moving the pylons to less obtrusive locations. In the High Weald AONB in SE england, the 50m high pylons may be moved down the hill, so they have wooded slopes behind them rather than sky.
(Pylons potentially re-routed).
What will the National Grid scheme contribute to?
Will ass £500m to electricity bills over eight years, or about £7m a pylon, which National Grid says is equivalent to 22p a year on an average customer bill.
In terms of heritage, what do the EIA regulations require a description from?
- Material assets, including the architectural landscape
- Also for assessing if schedule 2 developments need EIA: landscapes of historical, culture and archaeological significance
Why does cultural heritage matter?
- Buildings
- Historical artefacts, ruins
- Landscapes
- Activities- past and present
- Cultural association
What baseline data will be revealed by a desk study?
- Listed buildings
- Scheduled monuments
- Protected wreck sites
- Registered Parks and Gardens
- Battle of Waterloo
- World heritage site (UNESCO designated) e.g. Tower or london
- Heritage areas or conservation areas
- Data held by government departments or local authorities
- Local interest groups who might be consulted
What are some examples of archaeological sites?
Ruined buildings, earthworks, field systems e.g.
- Roman Remains
- Chalk downlands; systems from 300BC visible
- Dartmoor field systems from 1400BC
- Boxgrove, nr. Chicestor- Homind remains from 500,000 years ago
How can the nature of sites affect preservation?
Wetlands: (e.g. peat bogs)- organic material tends to be well-preserved e.g. bog bodies
Coastal sites: 7000 years ago much larger land area: many landscapes and remains still present below the sea (e.g. Woodhenges on the norfolk coast)
England used t o be attached to Europe, however, construction of wind turbines may destroy ancient human activity.
…
How many archaeological sites are there in England?
- over 600,000 known sites in England
- about 2% (about 18,000) protected by law as: scheduled ancient monuments.
What are scheduled ancient monuments?
Protected under the Ancient Monument and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 - Over 200 classes of monument including: Standing stones Burial mounds Castles Ruined monasteries Colleries War time Pillboxes
- Only nationally important monuments are scheduled and are protected by law
What are the listed buildings associated with architecture?
- Department of Culture, Media and Sport maintains a list of Buildings of architectural importance or Historic Buildings
- Identified by Historic England (Formerly English Heritage)
- Graded 1, 11*, 11
Typically:
Almost all buildings pre 1800
Many pre 1900 (depending on the architectural importance or cultural association)
Some 20thC e.g. defences, art nouveau factories
Over 500,00 nationally
- e.g. hoover factory- is now a tescos
What is the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage?
World Heritage sites, UN, Educational, Scientific and cultural organisation (UNESCO) adopted the Convention. in 1972.
- Encourages the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity
- includes cultural and natural sites
What must a Development near a designated or important site might have to take into account?
- Noise, vibration
- impacts on the visual setting
- pollution
if feature on site itself- likely to be damaged
If feature is nearby- what are the likely consequences
What field work is involved for archaeology?
- May involve geophysical survey
- Digging exploratory pits or trenches
- For architecture or landscape it might include visual assessment or survey of users and local people
- Visual surveys to assess impact
significance largely about establishing importance and context
- often need archaeological experts
What are some mitigation measures?
- Preservation during construction
> Preserve features
> Potentially reconfigure
> Temporary build e.g. fences to avoid machinery contact with the environment
> Visual screening or restoration
> Management of the water table
> Require a archaeological expert to avoid damage during construction and excavation
What are the conclusions drawn from baseline data?
- May be well documented in some cases
- Sources often come from statutory agencies
- Advice may be required on further investigation- assessment of significance can be based on designation status, but can be subjective
- For high-profile projects cultural heritage can be a key issue
Dibden bay case study
- Surveys of archaeological and archtecture artefacts already carried out.
- Minor or moderate impacts on local historic landscapes (including southampton- from the war, docks, D-day)
Improved setting for west cliff hall
Some artefacts or archaeological features may be undetected - Additional fieldwork Proposed to clarify archaeological status of terminal site
What is the cultural heritage at Dibden?
- Possibility of pre-roman artefacts in subtidal
- Medieval lanes and buildings nearby
- 19th and 20th century wrecks
- WW2 remains nearby
- protocols established for ongoing assessment during construction
What is the Illusu Dam, Eastern Turkey?
- On tigris River, 65 km upstream from syrian Border
- Will cover 313km2
- Will generate 1200MW: 2% of turkeys energy supply
- In an arid, economically impoverished and politically unstable area
- Total costs: over $2 billion
> Near Syrian Border
- Water resources (conflict)
- Generate electricty in an area with unsuitable infastructure
What is the cultural heritage in the area?
- Will flood Hasankeyf: town of 5000 people, many living in ancient cave dwellings (longest record of human life).
- Evidence of 9 pilgramage: 30,000 people per year visit the shrine of the holy Imam Abdullah, grandson of Muhammeds uncle
- Site of religion- islam
- Meets 9 out of 10 UNESCO criteria for World heritage site designation
Why is the project controversial?
- International concern: most threatened world heritage site
- in 2008- added to the Worlds monuments fund- 100 most threatened heritage site
- 50-60 years of survey work needed
Rich in heritage and given special archaeological protection by the Turkish Department of culture
> International funding was withdrawn, mainly due to cultural heritage considerations.
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Environmental Impact Assessment- Lecture 1.50
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Baseline and significance- EIA lecture 233
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Alternatives, Mitigation and Environmental Management Plans L332
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EIA- Law- the basics- Lecture 426
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EIA: Ecology, evaluations and baseline survey methods50
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culture27
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Landscape and visual assessment26
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Coastal project EIA27
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Dam construction15
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Measuring impacts and a UK perspective- Environmental impacts of hydropower14
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EIA and sustainable development20
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Strategic EIA25
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Quality in EIA28
