CV System-MoA

Question 1

Furosemide

Answer 1

Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle

Question 2

Thiazides

Answer 2

Decreases sodium and chloride reabsorption

Question 3

Spironolactone

Epleronone

Answer 3

Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade

Question 4

Amiloride

Answer 4

Blockade of sodium reabsorption via ENaC channels

Question 5

Mannitol

Answer 5

Elevates plasma osmolarity

Question 6

Acetazolamide

Answer 6

Reduces aqueous humour volume

Question 7

ACE inhibitors

Answer 7

Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to II.

Blocks vasoconstriction.

Question 8

ARBs

Answer 8

Blocks angiotensin II-renin system

Question 9

Sacubitril

Answer 9

Inhibition of natriuretic peptide breakdown

Question 10

Beta blockers

Answer 10

Negative inotropic/chronotropic agent

Question 11

Doxazosin

Answer 11

Vasodilator, decreases total peripheral resistance

Question 12

Amlodipine
Nifedipine
Diltiazem

Answer 12

Blockade of vascular smooth muscle contraction

Question 13

GTN

ISMN

Answer 13

Nitric oxide release, leading to smooth muscle relaxation & vasodilation

Question 14

Adrenaline
Dobutamine
Noradrenaline
Metaraminol
Isoprenaline

Answer 14

Adrenergic stimulation, increased inotropy

Question 15

Aspirin

Answer 15

Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis

Question 16

Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor

Answer 16

Inhibition of platelet activation by ADP

Question 17

Warfarin

Answer 17

Inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase

Question 18

Dabigatran

Answer 18

Inhibition of thrombin proteolytic function

Question 19

Apixaban
Edoxaban
Rivaroxaban

Answer 19

Inhibition of Factor Xa in coagulation cascade

Question 20

Dalteparin
Tinzaparin
Enoxaparin
Unfractionated heparins

Answer 20

Inactivation of thrombin and Factor Xa via complexing antithrombin III

Question 21

Alteplase
Streptokinase
Urokinase

Answer 21

Activation of plasminogen for proteolytic breakdown of thrombus fibrin

Question 22

Simvastatin
Atorvastin
Rosuvastatin

Answer 22

Inhibition of mavelonate pathway required for cholesterol synthesis

Question 23

Class I anti-arrhythmics

Answer 23

Voltage-sensitive sodium channel blockade.

Prolong QT interval, increase QRS interval.

Question 24

Class II anti-arrhythmics

Answer 24

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade - reduction in adrenergic effects on rate and inotropy

Question 25

Class III anti-arrhythmics

Answer 25

Potassium channel blockade, also evidence of beta blocker and calcium channel blocker properties - prolong QT interval

Question 26

Class IV anti-arrhythmics

Answer 26

Cardiac calcium channel blockade - reduction of action potential & cardiac output

Question 27

Digoxin

Answer 27

Reduces conductivity of atrioventricular node

Question 28

Adenosine

Answer 28

Activates cardiac adenosine receptors - causes hyperpolarisation. Slows conduction through AV node.

Question 29

Atropine

Answer 29

Blockade of vagal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Question 30

Magnesium sulfate (I.V.)

Answer 30

Unclear - possible alternation of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ion balance via ion channels and transporters

Question 31

Aliskiren

Answer 31

Direct inhibition of renin enzymatic function and of angiotensin I generation

Question 32

Clonidine

Answer 32

Stimulation of alpha-2 receptors, driving vasodilation

Question 33

Ivabradine

Answer 33

Inhibition of cardiac I(f) current in the SA node