CVA/AVM

Question 1

most common stroke in children

Answer 1

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 2

who are at increased risk for pediatric stroke

Answer 2

boys and children of African-American descent

Question 3

what are different types of stroke

Answer 3

arterial ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke

Question 4

clot that travels to the brain

Answer 4

embolus

Question 5

clot that occurs in the brain

Answer 5

thrombus

Question 6

narrowing or damaged arteries

Answer 6

arteriopathies

Question 7

virus travels to cerebral arteries

Answer 7

post varicella arteriopathy

Question 8

risk factors for arterial ischemic stroke

Answer 8

congenital heart disorder, sickle cell disease, head/neck trauma due to damage to blood vessels

Question 9

abnormal shaped RBCs don’t travel through vessels typically and don’t carry oxygen correctly to the brain

Answer 9

sickle cell disease

Question 10

focal deficits of arterial ischemic stroke and other signs

Answer 10

• Focal: acute hemiparesis, diploplia, dysarthria
• seizures, altered status, behavioral changes

Question 11

management for arterial ischemic stroke

Answer 11

• anticoagulation medicine
• RTCs lacking use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in children
• supplemental oxygen is hypoxemic
• hydration
• monitor for fevers/infectious causes

Question 12

causes of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 12

• rupture of blood vessel in brain
• rupture of malformed vessels (AVM)
• sickle cell

Question 13

the risk of hemorrhage stroke is higher in individuals with

Answer 13

hemophilia (lack of blood clotting proteins)

Question 14

signs/sx of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 14

• altered mental status
• seizures
• nausea/vomiting
• older children: HA
• abrupt onset of sx with neurologic deterioration

Question 15

management of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 15

• ICP monitoring (external ventricular device)
• prevention of cerebral edema
• surgical management (hematoma evacuation)
• watching for signs of hydrocephalus

Question 16

tangled mess of blood vessels in the brain or spine

Answer 16

arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

Question 17

disruption of oxygenated blood to the brain - oxygenated blood in the arteries gets diverted to the veins, bypassing brain tissue

Answer 17

arteriovenous malformation

Question 18

what may patients have with AVM even though most go un-diagnosed until rupture

Answer 18

history of HA or present with HA/seizures

Question 19

etiology of AVM

Answer 19

considered congenital, males more affected than females

Question 20

movement analysis used to assess isolated joint movement vs synergy patterns

Answer 20

Brunnstrom stages of recovery

Question 21

no voluntary or reflex activity present

Answer 21

I - flaccidity

Question 22

synergy pattern begins to develop, may appear as associated reactions

Answer 22

II - spasticity begins to develop

Question 23

movement synergies can be performed voluntarily

Answer 23

III - spasticity reaches peak

Question 24

deviation from movement synergy is possible, limited combo of movements

Answer 24

IV - spasticity begins to decrease

Question 25

movement synergies less dominant, more complex movement possible

Answer 25

V - spasticity continues to reduce

Question 26

isolated and combo movement evident, coordination may be impaired

Answer 26

VI - spasticity essentially absent

Question 27

return to fine motor skills

Answer 27

VII - return to normal function