draw the oxygen cascade and the determinants of each bit
each one will cause a decrease essentially
what is the difference betewen type 1 and type 2 resp failure
what are the causal factors of hypercapnia vs hypoxia
what is shunt
blood goes from veins to arteries without going through gas exchange (deoxygenated blood goes into oxygenated blood)
shunt does not respond to supplemental oxygen, because it cannot reach the blood that is shunted past the alveoli and the blood that isnt shunted is already oxygenated.
caused by pahtology to airspace, heart or vasculature
pneumonia, pneumothorax, hypertension
what is vq mismatch
its when the perfusion and ventilation dont match up and one lung might get a lot of perfusion and not so much ventilation and vice versa for the other lung
the oxygen dissociation curve means that even if there is greater ventilation in one lung is cannot compensate for the lower ventilation in the other lung due to the nature of the saturation curve
so when the blood comes back together u have hypoxemia
vq responsd to supplemental oxygen becasue you can increase ventilatoin
pulmonary embolism (alters perfusion)
copd, asthma, atelectasis, pulomary odema, pneumonia (alters ventilation)
what is the differeence btween hypoxia and hypoxemia
s
describe the pathophysiology of copd
why desatruate
Bleeding and mucosal odema associated with the biopsy
converted a critical stenosis of the left main stem bronchus to a
complete one
which patho physollogica mechanism was involved?
Shunt. No ventilation of the left lung but perfusion continued.
3
Shunt. No ventilation of the left lung but perfusion continued.
4
Acute cessation of ventilation of the left lung did not allow time
for hypoxic vasoconstriction to redistribute blood flow to
ventilated right lung.
when can you be hypoxic but not hypoxaemic
when can you be hypoxeamic but not hypoxic
when you’re on flight
What are possible causes of his hypoxaemia?
what is hypoventilation and its causes?
why is the A-a gradient important?
helps differenetiate cuaess of hypoxemia, pathologies that affect the alveoli or pumonary vesse,s will cause increased A-a gradient
so vq mismatch and shunt
How would you treat him?
5kpa
calculate a a gradient
its high meaning its gotta be a pulmonary issue so a diffusion limitation or a vq mismatch (more likely to be a vq mismatch)
