CVS Examination

Question 1

Order of a CVS examination

Answer 1

• Introduction and explanation.
• Inspection.
• Palpation.
• (Percussion).
• Auscultation.
• Other areas.
• Conclusion.

Question 2

Butterfly Rash

Answer 2

• This is the characteristic skin lesion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• Erythema occurs in a butterfly distribution on the cheeks of the face and across the bridge of the nose.
• Frequently precipitated by sun exposure.
• May precede SLE by weeks or months.
• Another differential that is common is Acne Rosacea.

Question 3

Koilonychia

Answer 3

Koilonychia is an abnormality of the nails that is also called spoon-shaped (concave) nails

manifestation of chronic iron deficiency, which may result from a variety of causes, such as malnutrition; gastrointestinal blood loss; worms; gastrointestinal malignancy; and coeliac disease

Question 4

Clubbing

Answer 4

describes changes in the area under and around the fingernails and toenails that occur with some disorders

Question 5

appearnce clubbing

Answer 5

• The nail beds soften. The nails may seem to “float” instead of being firmly attached (fluctuation of the nail bed).
• The last part of the finger may appear large or bulging. It may also be warm and red.
• The nail curves downward so it looks like the round part of an upside-down spoon.
• Clubbing can develop quickly, often within weeks. It also can go away quickly when its cause is treated.

Question 6

causes of clubbing

Answer 6

• Clubbing often occurs in heart and lung diseases that reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood.
• Lung cancer is the most common cause of clubbing.
• Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease.
• Chronic lung infections that occur in people with
bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, or lung abscess.
• Interstitial lung disease.
• Coeliac disease.
• Cirrhosis of the liver and other liver diseases.
• Overactive thyroid gland.
• Other types of cancer, including liver, gastrointestinal, Hodgkin lymphoma.
• Infective Endocarditis.

Question 7

Infective Endocarditis

Answer 7

• Fever, possibly low-grade and intermittent
• Heart murmurs
• Petechiae
• Subungual (splinter) hemorrhages: Dark-red, linear lesions in the nail beds.
• Osler nodes: Tender subcutaneous nodules usually found on the distal pads of the digits.
• Janeway lesions: Nontender maculae on the palms and soles.
• Roth spots: Retinal hemorrhages with small, clear centers.

Question 8

Roth’s Spots.

Answer 8

red spot (caused by hemorrhage) with a characteristic pale white center.
• This white center usually represents fibrin-platelet plugs.
• Roth spots can also be seen in leukaemia, diabetes, intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive retinopathy, cerebral malaria and in HIV retinopathy.
Roth’s Spots.

Question 9

Low volume pulse causes

Answer 9

hypovolaemia, left ventricular failure.

Question 10

increased volume cause

Answer 10

anaemia, fever, thyrotoxicosis

Question 11

character slow rising pulse cause

Answer 11

aortic stenosis.

Question 12

Collapsing pulse cause

Answer 12

aortic regurgitation.