HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER
By 1880, the U.S. population had grown so large that it took more than seven years to tabulate the U.S. Census results. The government sought a faster way to get the job done, giving rise to punch-card based computers that took up entire room.
FIRST GENERATION
1937 - 1946
SECOND GENERATION
1947 - 1962
THIRD GENERATION
1963 - PRESENT
KEY EVENTS / WORK
• English mathematics professor named Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was design that the basic framework of the computers of today is based on. • In 1937, the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). • In 1943, an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the military. • Other developments continued until 1946 the first general purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built. It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18.000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing. When this computer was tumed on for the first time, lights dim in sections of Philadelphia. Computers of this generation could only perform single task, and they had no operating system. • This generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were more re labe • In 1951, the first computer for commercial use was introduced to the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1). • In 1953, the International Business Machine (IBM) 650 and 700 series computers made their mark in the computer world. During this generation of computers over 100 computer programming languages were developed, computers had memory and operating systems. • Storage media such as tape and disk were in use also were printers for • The invention of integrated circuit brought us the third generation of computers. With this invention, computers became smaller, more powerful more reliable and they are able to run many different programs at the same time. 1981 IBM introduced the Personal Computer (PC) for home and office use. • Three years later, Apple gave us the Macintosh computer with its icon driven interface and the 90s gave us Windows operating system. • As a resun or ine vanous Improvements to te development or une computer we have seen the computer being used in all areas of life. It is very useful tool that will continue to experience new development as time passes.
- Amachine or device that penorms processes, calculations, and operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program. It is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of solutions by combining integrated hardware and software components.
- An electronic machine that accents data, stores, and processes dala into information. The comouter is able to work because there are instructions in its memory directing it.
computer
TWO PRIMARY CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER
- HARDWARE • Phusical structure that houses a comouters processor. memory, storage. communication ports. and peripheral devices. 2. SOFTWARE * Includes operating system (OS) and software applications. • A computer works with software programs that are sent to its underlying hardware architecture for reading. interorelation and execution. Comouters are classified accordina to comoutina pover. capacity. size. mobilily and other taclors, as personal computers (PC. desklop computers, laptop computers. minicomouters, handheld comouters and devices. maintrames or supercomouters.
raw facts that the user enters into the computer is called input. These includes; words, numbers, sound and pictures. When the data is entered into the computer, the computer processes, the data to produce information which is output. For example, you enter 2+2 into the computer as data, the computer processes it and the result is 4 which is information.
a. computer
b. software
c. data
• Data
THREE GENERAL CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER, EXCEPT:
supercomputer
mainframe computer
personal computer
desk computer
desk computer
Includes input devices, output devices, system unit, storage devices and communication devices. Without mese cimannen e we wmlld not ne dale t0 lise the camoitier.
computer hardware
personal computer
COMPUTER HARDWARE
An _______ is any hardware component that allows the user to enter data into the computer.
INPUT DEVICE
An_________ is any hardware component that gives information to the user. THREE COMMONLY USED OUTPUT DEVICES ARE AS FOLLOWS: 1. MONITOR - This output device displays your information on a screen. 2. PRINTER - this output device prints information on paper. This type of printed output is called a hard 3. SPEAKER - sound is the type of output you will get from a speaker.
output device
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
4 Software is also called as program. These are instructions that tell the computer what to do and how to do t.
TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE
- SYSTEM SOFTWARE (OPERATING SYSTEM)
- APPLICATION SOFTWARE
one word processing program is Microsoft Word. This program allows you to type letters, assignments and do any other written activity on the computer.
a. word processing application
b. software application
c. hardware
WORD PROCESSING APPLICATION
INSTALL
means to load the software onto the hard disk of the computer so that you can run or use the Tatwere.
Keeps data, information and instructions for use in the future. All computers use storage to keep the software that makes the hardware work. •Phvsical materials on which data, intormation. and instructions are keot. wnen a user saves Information and instructions are kept. When a user saves information or data to a storage medium, he or she is storing a nie, and nis process is called wnung. Yvnen the tile is opened me process is called reading.
hardware soft
storage media
installation
storage media
this medium comes with the computer and is always inside the computer. It stores all the programs that the computer needs to work. In addition, users store their data and information on the nerd drive 2. FLOPPY DISK - this storage medium is considered to be a portable storage medium. You put it into the computer to save your information on it, take it out, and take it with you wherever you go.
soft drive
hard drive
software
HARD DRIVE
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
YEAR 1962 1964 1983 1990 KEY EVENTS / WORK • The world’s 10,000 computers are primitive, although they cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. They have only a few thousand words of magnetic core memory, and programming them is far from easy. • Data communication over the phone lines is an AT & T monopoly. The ‘Picturephone’ of 1939 shown again at the New York World’s Fair in 1964, is still AT&T’s answer to the future of worldwide communications • Four-year old Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the US Department of Defense, future-oriented funder of ‘high-risk, high-gain’ research, lays the groundwork for what becomes the ARPANET and much later, the Intemet. • ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the ‘network of networks’ that became the modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Bemers-Lee invented the World Wide Web. 1997 Vint Cerf widely known as a “Father of the Internet.” Cerf is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet. In December 1997, President Bill Clinton presented the US National Medal of Technology to Cerf and his colleague, Robert E. Kahn, for founding and developing the Intemet.
Sometimes called simply “the Net,” is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer. + Connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and servers. When two computers are connected over the intemet, they can send and receive all kinds of information such as text, graphics, voice, video and computer programs.
internet
NETWORKS
4 Internet works by connecting billions of computers together in things called networks, “net” for short. These are clusters of computers linked together so that they can send data to each other.
refers to a network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data over the interet, often with little to no human intervention. These “things” range from household smart devices like thermostats and speakers to complex industrial machinery, smart city infrastructure, and connected vehicles. The primary goal of lot is to connect these objects, creating a self-reporting system that can share real-time information to improve efficiency, automate processes, and provide valuable insights across various.
Internet of Things
DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTIONS
- DIAL-UP (ANALOG 56K) * Dial-up access is cheap but slow. A modem (intemal or external) connects to the Internet after the computer dials a phone number. This analog signal is converted to digital via the modem and sent over a landline serviced by a public telephone network. Telephone lines are variable in quality and tne connection can poor al limes. Inê lines regulany expenence intenerence and this anects une speed, anvhere from 28x to 56k, since a computer or other device shares the same line as the telephone, they can’t be active at the same time. 2. DSL + Stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It is an internet connection that is always “on.” This uses 2 lines so vour phone is not tied un when vour comnuter is connected. There is also no need to cial a phone number to connect. DSL uses a router to transport data and the range of connection speed. depending on the service offered, is between 128k to 8 Mbps 3. CABLE + Cable provides an internet connection through a cable modem and operates over cable TV lines. There are different speeds depending on if you are uploading data transmissions or downloading. Since the coax cable provides a much greater bandwidth over dial-up or DSL telephone lines, you can get faster access. Cable speeds range from 512k to 20 Mbps. 4. WIRELESS * Also known as Wi-Fi, as the name suggests, does not use telephone lines or cables to connect to the internet. Instead, it uses radio frequency. Wireless is also an always in connection and it can be accessed from just about anywhere. Speeds will vary, and the range is between 5 Mbps to 20 Mbps. 5. SATELLITE • Accessos the intemer via a satellite in Earth’s whit. The enormous distance that a sinnal travels. from Earth to satellite and back again, provides a delayed connection compared to be cable and nSi Satellite connection sneeds are around 512k to 2 0 Mhns 6. CEIII AP * Cellular technology provides wireless internet access through cell phone. The speeds vary depending on the provider, but the most common are 3G and 4G speeds. A 3G is a term that describes a 3 generation cellular network obtaining mobile speeds of around 2.0 Mbps. 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. The goal of 4G is to achieve peak mobile speeds of 100 Mbps but the reality is about 21 Mbps currently.
involves protecting your personal information on digital devices from unauthorized access, theft, or nisuse by controlling who sees and uses your data and how. It encompasses safeguarding sensitive ata like financial records and personal identifying information (PIl), and preventing identity theft througl strong security measures, such as strong passwords and two-factor authentication. Privacy screens, privacy settings, and the responsible management of your online activities are also crucial for enhancing your computer privacy.
computer privacy
pc storage
hardware privacy
COMPUTER PRIVACY
