All cellular life is:
- Made of cells – surrounded by a lipid membrane
- Contains DNA – heritable genetic code, all life uses same code
- DNA RNA proteins/enzymes – all use same proteins and enzymes to do this
- Use the same energy currency – ATP – all use same proteins/enzymes to generate ATP
Homo sapiens life cycle
- Great apes, apes + old world monkeys, primate, mammal, vertebrate, chordate, deuterostome (anus and mouth develop), animals, eukaryote
LUCA facts
- originated from environment similar to hydrothermal vent
- cellular, prokaryotic, anaerobic, autotrophic
infolding
caused all membrane bound organelles
mitochondria development
has DNA in circular chromosome, encodes genes to make its own organelles, made through division of pre-exisiting ones
bacteria development
evolved first from LUCA 4000 mya
archaea development
evolved when bacterium got new traits that diverged into it’s own lineage. 3500 - 3000 MYA
eukaryote development
evolved when archaean developed membranous structures, mitochondria, mitosis, and meiosis
2000 MYA
endosymbiosis - mitochondria
from aerobic carbohydrate eating bacterial symbiont
endosymbiosis - chloroplasts
from a photosynthetic bacterial symbiont
placenta evolution
40% of our genome consists of retroviruses (junk). this infected mammal ancestor, which enveloped gene syncytin which promotes cell fusion and placenta growth
humans and chimps
humans did not evolve from chimps, we evolved from a common ancestor
what does genetic drift and gene flow show today?
shows that we’ve evolved. ex we have better cars to travel and meet with new different people.
what does selection show today?
we have better health care, birth control, and reliable sources of food - so our selection is prime
what does mutation and repair show today?
we’ve developed more ways to protect from mutation, reducing them
brain size and languages
FOXP2 regulatory gene helps us with speech and language
big brains COST
2% of body weight but uses 20% of body oxygen and energy
difficult childbirth
big brains BENEFIT
ecological intelligence hypothesis, social intelligence hypothesis, cultural intelligence hypothesis
ecological intelligence hypothesis
– tackle environmental challenges and plan better for future such as finding food
social intelligence hypothesis:
competitive and cooperative challenges living with other members of the same species
cultural intelligence hypothesis:
combines social and ecological, the social learning of ecological relevant skills
