Cycle Test Term 4 Flashcards

Question

what are macrophages? (3)

Answer 1

- Can stay in tissues or travel from blood vessels into the infected tissue - Destroy the pathogens - Can eat many pathogens and clean up dead cells

Answer 2

a special type of white blood cell that acts as a messenger between the body’s second and third lines of defence

Answer 3

Specific immune response that targets specific pathogens using lymphocytes

Answer 4

white blood cell that are apart of the third line of defence

Answer 5

immune response of the body which is tailored specifically to one type of cell that has entered the body

Answer 6

any foreign particle that stimulates the immune response

Answer 7

y shaped protein that sticks to specific antigens to help get rid of them (made by B cells)

Answer 8

It detects invaders, captures them, and then shows their antigens to other immune cells so your body knows exactly what to attack.

Answer 9

When activated undergoes mitosis to make more t helper cells and some become memory t cells

Answer 10

A T helper cell is a type of white blood cell that helps activate and direct other immune cells (like B cells and killer T cells) to fight infections.

Answer 11

Travel to the site of inflammation to identify and destroy virally infected cells, then detects infection, then attaches to the infected cell and destroys cell by releasing special chemicals and breaking holes in the infected cells membrane which kills it and moves on to the next cell

Answer 12

Make sure your body stops fighting once the battle is won, then stops the immune system from overreacting once the threat has been destroyed, then prevent inflammation and damage to healthy cells

Answer 13

Remembers the infection so your body can act fast if the infection occurs again, then some t cells turn into memory t cells after dying off and they stay in your body for years. If the same pathogen enters again they recognize it and activate the killer t and helper t cells

Answer 14

Lymphocyte produces antibodies that target and destroy pathogens, then when a B cell detects a pathogen and is helped by a t helper cell, it turns into a plasma B cell, the antigens attach to pathogens, stopping them from infecting cells

Answer 15

Remembers the germ itself so when the same germ enters they make new plasma cells to produce antibodies to destroy the germs

Answer 16

Given a weakened or dead string of a virus to illicit immune response, the body's third line of defence is activated and memory B and T cells are produces. The second exposure leads to a faster response and less likely to be serious

Answer 17

Some B and T cells become memory cells then they stay in the body and can respond much faster if the same pathogen invades again. This is how immunity develops

Answer 18

you become immune after catching the disease

Answer 19

you become immune after having the vaccinations

Answer 20

given antibodies

Answer 21

baby gets antibodies from mother

Answer 22

injects containing antibodies from someone else

Answer 23

- Killed pathogens - Live but weak strains of pathogens - An extract of toxins made by a pathogen

Answer 24

1. Vaccine contains a harmless form of a pathogen, immune system sees this as foreign and starts an immune response 2. B cells make antibodies and some turn into memory cells 3. Helper T cells (Th cells): They send signals (chemical messengers called cytokines) to activate B cells and other immune cells. 4. Cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells): They find and destroy infected cells directly, especially important for viruses hiding inside your cells. 5. Like B cells, some T cells become memory T cells, ready to respond faster next time. 6. After the exposure you body remembers the pathogen and you become immune

Answer 25

referees to a disease that is regularly found in a community or certain area e.g. chickenpox

Answer 26

the sudden occurrence of a disease in the community or in a certain area in greater numbers than expected

Answer 27

occurrence of a disease form a common source in excess of what would normally be expected in a community or certain area e.g. smallpox, measles, polio

Answer 28

a worldwide epidemic e.g. HIV, covid

Answer 29

- aging - nutrition - genetics - chemical imbalances - environmental exposure - lifestyle

Cycle Test Term 4 Flashcards

(53 cards)