Cystitis

Question 1

Symptoms of Cystitis

Answer 1

• Dysuria (pain when urinating)
• Urinary frequency and urgency
• incomplete bladder emptying
• dark, cloudy, strong smelling

Question 2

Cystitis referral part 1

Answer 2

• women under 16 or over 70
• Men and children
• recurrent attacks (>2 episodes in 6 months)
  (>3 in 1 year)
• Duration of >48 hours

Question 3

Cystitis referral part 2

Answer 3

• severe symptoms (we only treat mild)
• lower back pain
• systemic symptoms (fever, nausea, vomiting)
• Haematuria
• Abnormal vaginal discharge

Question 4

Medications that can cause Cystitis

Answer 4

• Allopurinol
• Ciclophosphamide

Question 5

Patient groups that are predisposed to UTIs

Answer 5

• Diabetic
• Immunocompromised
• Pregnant (bacteria in urine can easily progress to kidney infection)

Question 6

OTC treatment for mild symptoms present for only <4 hours for 2 days only

Answer 6

• Potassium Citrate
• Sodium Citrate

Neutralises acidic urine to relieve dysuria

Question 7

What is potassium citrate contraindicated in

Answer 7

• hyperkalaemia

Question 8

What is sodium citrate contraindicated in

Answer 8

• hypertension
• heart disease
• pregnancy
• kidney disease
• salt restricted diet

Question 9

What do potassium citrate interact with to cause hyperkalaemia

Answer 9

• ACE Inhibitors
• Spironolactone
• Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 10

What do potassium citrate interact with to reduce its efficacy

Answer 10

• Lithium

Question 11

Cystitis Advice

Answer 11

• drink cranberry juice (interacts with warfarin, do not use in diabetes)
• drink a lot of water
• urinate after sexual intercourse
• wipe front to back after urination

Question 12

Cystitis Advice part 2

Answer 12

• fully empty bladder
• do not hold a urination
• avoid sperm killers
• avoid perfumes soap
• avoid douches
• wear cotton underwear
• avoid tight jeans and trousers