d1.3 mutation and gene editing

Question 1

mutations

Answer 1

random change in the dna sequence

Question 2

mutations in somatic cell

Answer 2

all cells except the ones that makes gametes so does not get passed on to offpsring

Question 3

mutations in germ cell

Answer 3

• will get passed onto offspring
• will appear in gametes

Question 4

why mutation could help a species thrive though natural selection

Answer 4

genetic mutations that are beneficial to an individual’s survival are passed on through reproduction

Question 5

gene knockout

Answer 5

remove gene using homologous recombination

Question 6

crispr

Answer 6

dna sequence that needs to bind to sense rna

Question 7

what happens when theres no crispr

Answer 7

cant bind to Cas 9

Question 8

Cas 9

Answer 8

enzyme that collect fragment of virus dna and cut it out

Question 9

sickle cell anaemia with crispr

Answer 9

• patients’ stem cells are modified by genome editing using crispr technology
• modified blood stem cells are transplants back into the patient where they engraft within the bone marrow and increase the production of fetal haemoglobin
• increased level of fetal haemoglobin prevent the sickling of red blood cells

Question 10

conserved genes

Answer 10

similar or identical across a species or a group of genes

Question 11

highly conserved genes

Answer 11

identical or similar over long periods of evolution

Question 12

why genes are highly conserved [2]

Answer 12

1. functionally needed (coding important proteins)
2. in regions of the genomes with slow mutation rate

Question 13

high dna curvature equals

Answer 13

low mutation rate

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic