clinical reasoning
Reflective and cognitive process whereby the practitioner integrates information from all aspects of care and interactions to problem solve and understand application of best practice
Dependent
Level of assistance where a client needs >75% verbal or physical assistance to complete a task or is unable to perform any component of the task
person-related testing bias
An aspect of testing bias related to the actions of the evaluator or the client that influence the outcome of an evaluation or a test and must be controlled to achieve optimal results in standardized and non-standardized testing
Types include:
* evaluator bias
* test-taker bias
conditional reasoning
Professional reasoning that involves clinical decision-making based on a broad view of the situation and consideration of the client’s:
* personal belief structure and value system
* social, cultural, and temporal context
Stand-by assistance
Level of assistance where a client requires caregiver or practitioner assistance to be within arm’s reach to safely complete a task
test-taker bias
A type of testing bias that must be controlled during standardized and non-standardized testing and involves actions of the client that influence the outcome of an evaluation or the test results (e.g., a client who influences test results by providing false or misleading information)
Supervised
Level of assistance where a client requires occasional verbal assistance to safely complete a task
pragmatic reasoning
Professional reasoning that involves consideration for the practical aspects of service delivery, including:
* reimbursement
* competency of the practitioner
* available resources and equipment
content validity
The degree to which items in an assessment are an accurate representation of all aspects of the domain being tested
reliability
The degree to which an assessment tool produces consistent results when the same client is retested on separate occasions while external factors remain constant
ceiling effect
A situation in which an assessment instrument is not able to measure any additional performance differences at the top of the rating scale
criterion validity
The degree to which the results of an assessment predict performance ability on other assessments that measure similar constructs
Two types include:
* predictive validity
* concurrent validity
assessment responsiveness: specificity
A test’s ability to accurately detect functional and performance abilities (i.e. true negative)
floor effect
A situation in which an assessment instrument is not able to measure any additional performance differences at the bottom of the rating scale
Minimal assistance
Level of assistance where a client needs <25% verbal or physical assistance to complete a task
correlation
A statistical term that refers to the measurement of the proximity of two distinct variables
Moderate assistance
Level of assistance where a client needs 25-50% verbal or physical assistance to complete a task
Ethical reasoning
Professional reasoning that involves clinical decision-making based on philosophical issues, including:
* autonomy
* beneficence
* nonmaleficence
* occupational justice
Modified Independence
Level of assistance where a client requires use of adaptive equipment or increased time to complete a task
Environment bias
A type of testing bias that involves the degree to which the testing context is similar to the natural setting in which the task is typically performed
Rasch methodology
A hierarchal design used to develop a linear measurement scale within a standardized assessment
item bias
A type of testing bias that involves clients of similar performance abilities scoring differently when the same evaluation instrument or subtest is administered
test-taker variables
Factors that may impact the performance results of a client during the evaluation process (e.g., motivation, energy level, stress)
interactive reasoning
Professional reasoning that involves interacting and connecting with the client to collaboratively solve problems and identify solutions
