Define material deprivation
Lacking money or things money can buy
Who does best in education - the middle class or working class?
Middle class
How many material factors are there?
4
How many cultural factors are there?
4
Define cultural deprivation
Lacking the ‘right’ norms and values for education
Which cultural factor does Douglas talk about?
Parental interest
Douglas says that working class parents don’t attend what?
Parents evening
Name two of Sugarman’s attitudes and values for the working class
Present-time orientation
Immediate gratification
Collectivism
Fatalism
Name two of Sugarman’s attitudes and values for the middle class
Future-time orientation
Deferred gratification
Individualism
Meritocracy
What are the two types of speech code according to Bernstein?
Elaborated and restricted
What are the 3 Ts according to Bernstein?
Teachers, Tests, Textbooks
Who came up with the idea of cultural capital?
Bourdieu
Bourdieu says that ______ capital + _______ capital = what?
economic capital + cultural capital = educational success
What is cultural capital?
The knowledge, values, activities, and interests of the middle class
Give an example of the kind of educational resources the working class may not be able to buy
Textbooks
Laptops
Tutors
Stationery
How does poor diet and health impact the working class’ education?
They get ill and miss school
How does poor housing lead to lower achievement for the working class?
Overcrowding means they have no space or quiet to work in
How does fear of debt affect the working class’ education?
Either no university of lower achieving university
Name one labelling study
Rosenthal and Jacobson
Hempel-Jorgensen
Becker
Who argues that students are placed in sets based on their class?
Stephen Ball
Who did Willis observe in his study?
12 working class lads
The participants in Willis’ study formed an _______________
Anti-school subculture
What does cream-skimming mean?
The highest performing students are chosen by the best schools
What does silt-shifting mean?
The lowest performing students end up at the worst schools
