Examine the relationship between variables is to observe the two variables as they exist naturally for a set of individuals. In short, 2 variable for each individual.
Measuring Two Variables for Each Individual: The Correlational Method
What is Correlational Method?
2 variable for each individual.
IF THE DIRECTION OF ONE VARIABLE (X) IS INCREASING, AND THE OTHER VARIABLE (Y) IS INCREASING, THEN THERE IS A
Positive Correlation
What is Positive Correlation?
one variable (x) is increasing, and the other varibale (y) is increasing.
IF THE DIRECTION OF ONE VARIABLE (X) IS INCREASING, AND THE OTHER VARIABLE (Y) IS DECREASING, THEN THERE IS A
Negative Correlation
What is Negative Correlation?
one variable (x) is increasing, and the other varibale (y) is decreasing.
No pattern to the points.
No Correlation
can demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables, but they do not provide an explanation for the relationship.
LIMITATIONS of the Correlational Method
Limitation of the Correlational Method?
Can’t demonstrate cause and effect relationship
the relationship between variables is examined by using one of the variables to define the groups, and then measuring the second variable to obtain scores for each group.
Comparing Two (or More) Groups of Scores: Quasi - Experimental and Nonexperimental Methods
Quasi - Experimental and Nonexperimental Methods
2 groups – one variable
to demonstrate a CAUSE and EFFECT between two variables
The Experimental Method
2 characteristics that differentiate experiments from types of research studies.
Manipulation and Control
_____ one variable by changing its value from one level to another. A second variable is observed (measured) to determine whether the ______ causes changes to occur.
manipulation
researcher must exercise _______ over the research situation to ensure that other, extraneous variables do not influence the relationship examined.
Control
Two General Categories of variables that researchers must consider.
Participant Variables and Environment Variables
Researcher must ensure that _____ variables do not differ from one group to another.
Participant Variables
Researcher must ensure that individual in treatment A are tested in the same _______ as the individual in the treatment B.
Environment Variables
