Data, Technology, & Innovation

Question 1

Any microorganism that causes disease

Answer 1

Pathogen

Question 2

Cost-effective and non-invasive method to monitor population-level infection trends

Answer 2

Wastewater Surveillance

Question 3

What is the name of the virus that caused the pandemic in 2020?

Answer 3

SARS-Cov-2

Question 4

What is the name of the disease that caused the pandemic in 2020?

Answer 4

COVID-19

Question 5

What are the two types of flu?

Answer 5

Flu A and Flu B

Question 6

When does Flu A surge?

Answer 6

First

Question 7

When does Flu B surge?

Answer 7

Later

Question 8

What does RSV stand for?

Answer 8

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 9

What did the et al article examine?

Answer 9

How rapid Point-of-Care (POC) testing for COVID-19 was implemented across remote indigenous

Question 10

What are the two point of care tests?

Answer 10

NAAT-based tests and Antigen-based tests

Question 11

What does NAAT stand for?

Answer 11

Nucleic acid amplification-based tests

Question 12

A laboratory procedure that determines the order of bases in the genome of an organism in one process

Reads all of a person’s genetic code

Answer 12

Whole-genome sequencing

Question 13

What does “ACA” framework stand for?

Answer 13

Analytically valid
Clinical significance
Actionable

Question 14

The authors warn against rigid universal rules but argue for what?

Answer 14

Harmonization

Question 15

Analyzes genetic data rapidly, identifies patterns and supports faster for accurate diagnosis

Answer 15

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Question 16

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens to inform early intervention in communities and hospitals

Answer 16

Wastewater Surveillance

Question 17

COVID-19 rapid testing in rural, remote, or Indigenous
communities to support timely clinical decision-making and outbreak response.

Answer 17

POC Testing

Question 18

Used in clinical settings to identify medical diagnosis quickly

Answer 18

Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS)

Question 19

Wastewater surveillance emerged during COVID-19 as a:
A. Clinical testing method
B. Cost-effective, non-invasive method to monitor population-level infection trends
C. Tool to increase PCR testing capacity
D. Hospital-based treatment method

Answer 19

Cost-effective, non-invasive method to monitor population-level infection trends

Question 20

Wastewater surveillance tracks SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater to provide:
A. Genetic sequencing of patients
B. Early warning of outbreaks, infection trends in communities, supplement to limited clinical testing
C. Laboratory control samples
D. PCR confirmation testing

Answer 20

Early warning of outbreaks, infection trends in communities, supplement to limited clinical testing

Question 21

Cross-sector collaboration should include:
A. Public health + Academia + Municipalities
B. Hospitals only
C. Industry only
D. Individuals and families

Answer 21

Public health + Academia + Municipalities

Question 22

Wastewater surveillance can become a permanent fixture in our public health toolkit — monitoring pathogens, drug use, or even environmental hazards, especially in underserved areas.
A. True
B. False

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Sustained government investment is needed for:
A. Community lockdowns
B. Data storage
C. Long-term success
D. Private sector takeover

Answer 23

Long-term success

Question 24

Operational barriers include:
A. No sustainability concerns
B. Equal access across Canada
C. Consistent funding and standardized methods
D. Unequal coverage (e.g., rural, septic systems)

Answer 24

Unequal coverage (e.g., rural, septic systems)

Question 25

Environmental/technical issues with wastewater surveillance include: A. RNA degrades quickly in sewers B. Viral RNA equals direct case counts C. Clinical reporting delay D. Overestimation of hospitalization rates

Answer 25

RNA degrades quickly in sewers

Question 26

A biological limit of wastewater surveillance is: A. RNA does not degrade in sewers B. Respiratory viruses shed less & more variably in stool than enteric viruses C. Enteric viruses are invisible to testing D. Testing costs nothing

Answer 26

Respiratory viruses shed less & more variably in stool than enteric viruses

Question 27

Wastewater surveillance has public health value through: A. Hospital discharge data B. Clinical case confirmation only C. Early Detection and Preclinical Warning D. Symptom reporting apps

Answer 27

Early Detection and Preclinical Warning

Question 28

Which POC test type has higher accuracy but requires a device? A. Antigen-based test B. NAAT-based test C. Rapid antibody test D. Self-swab test

Answer 28

NAAT-based test

Question 29

Which of the following is faster but has a lower sensitivity? A. NAAT-based test B. PCR test C. Antigen-based test D. WGS test

Answer 29

Antigen-based test

Question 30

Which of the following is **NOT** part of how wastewater surveillance works? A. Samples are transported and stored at a lab B. Labs test the sample for pathogens C. Samples are taken after wastewater treatment D. Public health uses data to make decisions

Answer 30

Samples are taken after wastewater treatment

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT listed as a challenge of wastewater surveillance? A. Biological limits B. Environmental/technical issues C. Data interpretation gaps D. Unlimited government funding

Answer 31

Unlimited government funding

Question 32

Wastewater surveillance can become a permanent fixture in our public health toolkit for monitoring: A. Only SARS-CoV-2 B. Pathogens, drug use, or environmental hazards C. Water supply levels D. Vaccine efficacy

Answer 32

Pathogens, drug use, or environmental hazards

Question 33

Rapid Point-of-Care (POC) testing for COVID-19 was implemented to combat barriers in: A. Urban hospitals B. Remote indigenous communities in British Columbia C. International airports D. University testing labs

Answer 33

Remote indigenous communities in British Columbia

Question 34

Which of the following is listed as a barrier to testing in remote and Indigenous communities? A. Systemic racism and mistrust in care B. Abundance of healthcare professionals C. Oversupply of laboratory facilities D. Excellent digital connectivity

Answer 34

Systemic racism and mistrust in care

Question 35

There are several barriers to testing in remote and Indigenous communities. Which of the following is explicitly listed? a) Lack of public interest in testing. b) High cost of the tests themselves. c) Limited availability of vaccines. d) Geographic isolation and lack of on-site testing

Answer 35

Geographic isolation and lack of on-site testing

Question 36

What is a core ethical, clinical, and policy challenge associated with Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS)? a) The process of sequencing the genome is too time-consuming. b) The technology is not yet advanced enough to detect diseases. c) Deciding which findings, including incidental or secondary ones, to return to the patient d) The lack of a legal framework to govern the use of WGS in Canada

Answer 36

Deciding which findings, including incidental or secondary ones, to return to the patient

Question 37

What is the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) when used in combination with Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS)? a) To perform the WGS process itself. b) To replace the need for WGS altogether. c) To rapidly analyze genetic data, identify patterns, and rank likely disease-causing mutations d) To provide ethical and policy recommendations for returning results.

Answer 37

To rapidly analyze genetic data, identify patterns, and rank likely disease-causing mutations

Question 38

What advantage does artificial intelligence offer doctors when analyzing patient data for future health outcomes? a) It allows doctors to treat more patients in less time b) It provides real-time genetic editing tools c) It helps anticipate future events using data beyond individual clinical experience d) It eliminates the need for laboratory diagnostics

Answer 38

It helps anticipate future events using data beyond individual clinical experience

Question 39

What is the preferred option for implementing POC testing in rural, remote, First Nations or Indigenous communities a) Unobserved self-testing b) Self-testing with telephone guidance c) Video-observed self-collection and testing d) Trained testers receiving self-collected nasal swabs and preforming tests in the community

Answer 39

Trained testers receiving self-collected nasal swabs and preforming tests in the community

Question 40

What is one of the major ethical challenges raised by the use of whole genome sequencing (WGS)? a) Lack of technological capacity to store genome data b) Overreliance on traditional medications c) Difficulty in determining whether and how to return incidental findings d) Pressure from insurance companies to alter genetic reports

Answer 40

Difficulty in determining whether and how to return incidental findings

Question 41

Why is it recommended to repeat point-of-care (POC) testing in some symptomatic individuals? a) To improve access in rural communities b) Because initial results are only valid for 24 hours c) Because viral loads may be too low for detection early d) To verify results in vaccinated individuals only

Answer 41

Because viral loads may be too low for detection early

Question 42

Why was the introduction of PCR and qPCR technologies a turning point in wastewater surveillance? a) It allowed researchers to study the effects of water pH on pathogens b) It replaced all animal-based and cell-based testing with automation c) It enabled more rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of pathogens in wastewater d) It helped detect air pollutants in sewage treatment plants

Answer 42

It enabled more rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of pathogens in wastewater

Question 43

The gateway to every system in the body

Answer 43

The retina

Question 44

What can AI find in cancer?

Answer 44

1. Driver Mutations 2. Structural Genomic Changes 3. Tumor vs Normal and Origin 4. Prognosis

Question 45

What program can be used to define the crystal structure of a protein?

Answer 45

AlphaFold