1314
Battle of Bannockburn
Bruce defeats Edward II; enduring symbol of Scottish resistance used by
later songs/identity.
1688–89
Glorious Revolution
James II deposed; William & Mary reign; Protestant succession; Stuarts e
exiled → root of Jacobitism.
1707
Act of Union
One kingdom: Parliament in London; Scottish resentment lasts, esp. Highl
ands
1714
George I (Hanover) accedes
Whigs dominate; Tory frustration feeds Jacobitism
1715
First Jacobite Rising
Earl of Mar’s failed attempt to restore the Old Pretender.
1739–44
Wider European war
France/Spain eye a Stuart restoration to hurt Britain; a formal invasion
a formal invasion plan collapses (Tory hesitation, weather, Royal Navy).
5 Jul 1745
Jacobite expedition sails
Du Teillay & Elisabeth depart with money, arms, Irish troops in French service; Elisabeth damaged by RN.
23 Jul 1745
Landing on Eriskay
Charles arrives and begins persuading chiefs; the ’45 is on.
Sept 1745
Prestonpans
Big Jacobite victory near Edinburgh; morale surge.
Dec 1745
Reached Derby; retreat north
No French landing/English rising; strategic momentum lost.
Night 15–16 Apr 1746
Abortive night march
Failed attempt toward Nairn leaves Jacobites starved/exhausted before battle.
16 Apr 1746
Battle of Culloden
Final defeat on Drummossie Moor; last pitched battle on British soil.
1746–47
Reprisals
Executions, prison deaths, transportations; trials held in England; villages burned; cattle seized.
Post-1746
Cultural/legal bans
Arms forbidden; tartan/kilt/plaid banned; dirk oaths; chiefs stripped; clan system dismantled.
1782
Ban on dress lifted
Highland dress returns as fashion/uniform rather than insurgent identity.
