Exam Prep - CCNA > Day 1-10 > Flashcards

Day 1-10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a computer network?

A

A computer network is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.

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2
Q

What are servers and clients also known as?

A

Servers and clients are also known as ‘end hosts’ or ‘endpoints’.

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3
Q

What is a client?

A

A client is a device that accesses a service made available by a server.

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4
Q

What is a server?

A

A server is a device that provides functions or services for clients.

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5
Q

Can a single device be both a client and a server?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local Area Network

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7
Q

What does a switch provide?

A

A switch provides connectivity to hosts within the same LAN.

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8
Q

What kind of network device is a Cisco ‘Catalyst’?

A

Switch

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9
Q

What kind of network device is a Cisco ISR?

A

Router

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10
Q

Do routers have more or fewer network interfaces than switches?

A

Fewer

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11
Q

What is used to send data over the Internet?

A

Router

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12
Q

What does a firewall do?

A

A firewall monitors and controls network traffic based on configured rules.

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13
Q

What are host-based firewalls?

A

Host-based firewalls are software applications that filter traffic entering and exiting a host machine, like a PC.

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14
Q

What kind of network device is a Cisco ASA?

A

Firewall

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15
Q

What kind of network device is a Cisco Firepower?

A

Firewall

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16
Q

What is a next-generation firewall?

A

A firewall which combines a traditional firewall with more advanced filtering functionalities.

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17
Q

What is the name of the connector on the end of an Ethernet UTP cable?

A

RJ45

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18
Q

How many pins are in an RJ45 connector?

A

8

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19
Q

How many bits are in 1 byte?

A

8

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20
Q

Network speeds are measured in what?

A

Bits per second.

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21
Q

How many bits are in 1 kilobit?

A

1,000 (one thousand)

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22
Q

How many bits are in 1 megabit?

A

1,000,000 (1 million)

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23
Q

How many bits are in 1 gigabit?

A

1,000,000,000 (1 billion)

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24
Q

How many bits are in 1 terabit?

A

1,000,000,000,000 (1 trillion)

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25
In which IEEE standard was Ethernet originally defined?
802.3
26
What is the maximum length of an Ethernet UTP cable?
100 meters
27
What is the speed of an 'Ethernet' connection?
10 Mbps
28
What is the speed of a 'FastEthernet' connection?
100 Mbps
29
What is the speed of a 'Gigabit Ethernet' connection?
1 Gbps
30
What is the speed of a '10 Gig Ethernet' connection?
10 Gbps
31
What is IEEE standard 802.3i?
10 Mbps Ethernet (10BASE-T)
32
What is IEEE standard 802.3u?
100 Mbps Ethernet (100BASE-T)
33
What is IEEE standard 802.3ab?
1 Gbps Ethernet (1000BASE-T)
34
What is IEEE standard 802.3an?
10 Gbps Ethernet (10GBASE-T)
35
What does UTP stand for?
Unshielded Twisted Pair
36
Why are the wire pairs in a UTP cable twisted together?
It protects against EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)
37
How many pairs of wires are used in a 10BASE-T cable?
2 (=4 wires)
38
How many pairs of wires are used in a 100BASE-T cable?
2 (=4 wires)
39
How many pairs of wires are used in a 1000BASE-T cable?
4 (=8 wires)
40
How many pairs of wires are used in a 10GBASE-T cable?
4 (=8 wires)
41
What type of connection allows both devices to send and receive data at the same time?
Full-duplex
42
In a FastEthernet connection, a router transmits data on which pins?
1 and 2
43
In a FastEthernet connection, a router receives data on which pins?
3 and 6
44
In a FastEthernet connection, a firewall transmits data on which pins?
1 and 2
45
In a FastEthernet connection, a firewall receives data on which pins?
3 and 6
46
In a FastEthernet connection, a PC transmits data on which pins?
1 and 2
47
In a FastEthernet connection, a PC receives data on which pins?
3 and 6
48
In a FastEthernet connection, a switch transmits data on which pins?
3 and 6
49
In a FastEthernet connection, a switch receives data on which pins?
1 and 2
50
If Auto MDI-X is disabled, what kind of UTP cable should be used to connect a router and a switch?
Straight-through cable
51
If Auto MDI-X is disabled, what kind of UTP cable should be used to connect a PC and a switch?
Straight-through cable
52
If Auto MDI-X is disabled, what kind of UTP cable should be used to connect two routers together?
Crossover cable
53
If Auto MDI-X is disabled, what kind of UTP cable should be used to connect two switches together?
Crossover cable
54
What kind of cable connects a pin pair on one end of a UTP cable to the same pair on the other end?
Straight-through cable
55
What kind of cable connects a pin pair on one end of a UTP cable to the opposite pair on the other end?
Crossover cable
56
What is the name of the feature that allows a device to automatically adjust which RJ45 pin pairs it uses to transmit and receive data?
Auto MDI-X
57
Which two pin pairs are used in a 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T connection?
Pair 1-2, Pair 3-6
58
Which four pin pairs are used in a 1000BASE-T or 10GBASE-T connection?
Pair 1-2, Pair 3-6, Pair 4-5, Pair 7-8
59
Fiber-Optic cables are connected to what in a router or switch?
SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable)
60
What are the two main kinds of fiber-optic cable?
Single-mode and multimode
61
Multimode Fiber cables have a what compared to single-mode fiber cables?
Wider fiberglass core
62
What do multimode fiber cables allow?
Multiple angles (modes) of light waves to enter the fiberglass core.
63
Which allows longer cables, single-mode or multimode fiber?
Single-mode
64
Which is cheaper, single-mode or multimode fiber?
Multimode
65
In single-mode fiber cables, how does light travel?
Light travels straight through the fiberglass core at a single angle.
66
What IEEE standard defined 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR, and 10GBASE-ER?
802.3ae
67
What IEEE standard defined 1000BASE-LX?
802.3z
68
What is the maximum cable length for 1000BASE-LX?
550 meters (multimode), 5 kilometers (single-mode)
69
What is the maximum cable length for 10GBASE-SR?
400 meters
70
What is the maximum cable length for 10GBASE-LR?
10 kilometers
71
What is the maximum cable length for 1000BASE-ER?
30 kilometers
72
What type of cables emit a faint signal outside of the cable?
UTP
73
What type of cables are vulnerable to EMI (electromagnetic interference)?
UTP
74
What does 'OSI' stand for?
Open Systems Interconnection
75
How many layers is the OSI model divided into?
7
76
Which layer of the OSI model interacts with software applications on a computer?
Layer 7 - Application
77
Which layer of the OSI model includes HTTP and HTTPS?
Layer 7 - Application
78
Which layer of the OSI model identifies communication partners and synchronizes communication?
Application
79
What is the process of adding additional headers and trailers to data before it is sent over the network called?
Encapsulation
80
What is the process of removing headers and trailers from data received over a network called?
De-encapsulation
81
What is interaction between the same OSI layer on different devices called?
Same-layer interaction
82
What is interaction between the different OSI layers on the same device called?
Adjacent-layer interaction
83
Which layer of the OSI model translates between data formats?
Layer 6 - Presentation
84
Which layer of the OSI model establishes, manages, and terminates connections between the local and remote applications?
Layer 5 - Session
85
Which layer of the OSI model segments and reassembles data for communications between end hosts?
Layer 4 - Transport
86
Which layer of the OSI model provides host-to-host communication?
Layer 4 - Transport
87
Which layer of the OSI model provides process-to-process communication?
Layer 7 - Application
88
What is the name of the Layer 4 PDU?
Segment
89
Which layer of the OSI model provides path selection between source and destination?
Layer 3 - Network
90
At which layer of the OSI model do routers operate?
Layer 3
91
Which layer of the OSI model provides logical addressing (IP addresses)?
Layer 3 - Network
92
Which layer of the OSI model provides connectivity to end hosts on different networks?
Layer 3 - Network
93
What is the name of the Layer 3 PDU?
Packet
94
What is the name of the Layer 2 PDU?
Frame
95
Which layer of the OSI model provides node-to-node connectivity?
Layer 2 - Data Link
96
Which layer of the OSI model detects and corrects Physical layer errors?
Layer 2 - Data Link
97
At which layer of the OSI model do switches operate?
Layer 2
98
Which layer of the OSI model defines physical characteristics of the medium used to transfer data between devices?
Layer 1 - Physical
99
What is the name of the Layer 1 PDU?
Bits
100
List the layers of the OSI model in order.
7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical
101
Which networking model was developed by the United States Department of Defense?
TCP/IP Suite (TCP/IP Model)
102
Which networking model is in use in modern networks?
TCP/IP
103
What OSI Model layers correspond to the TCP/IP Application Layer?
Application, Presentation, Session
104
What OSI Model layer corresponds to the TCP/IP Transport Layer?
Transport
105
What OSI Model layer corresponds to the TCP/IP Internet Layer?
Network
106
What OSI Model layers correspond to the TCP/IP Link Layer?
Data Link, Physical
107
What is the TCP/IP layer corresponding to the OSI Application, Presentation, and Session Layers?
Application
108
What is the TCP/IP layer corresponding to the OSI Transport Layer?
Transport
109
What is the TCP/IP layer corresponding to the OSI Network Layer?
Internet
110
What is the TCP/IP layer corresponding to the OSI Data Link and Physical Layers?
Link
111
What two kinds of console ports are common on Cisco devices?
USB, RJ45
112
What kind of cable is used to connect to the RJ45 console port on a Cisco device?
Rollover cable
113
What is the default speed (baud rate) for Cisco console port settings?
9600 bits per second
114
What is the default data bits setting for Cisco console port settings?
8
115
What is the default stop bits setting for Cisco console port settings?
1
116
What is the default parity setting for Cisco console port settings?
None
117
What is the default flow control setting for Cisco console port settings?
None
118
In Cisco IOS, how is user EXEC mode indicated?
Router>
119
In Cisco IOS, how is privileged EXEC mode indicated?
Router#
120
In Cisco IOS, how is global configuration mode indicated?
Router(config)#
121
What is the lowest-level mode in Cisco IOS?
User EXEC mode
122
What mode in Cisco IOS provides complete access to view the device's configuration files?
Privileged EXEC mode
123
What command is used to view the available commands in Cisco IOS?
?
124
What command is used to enter privileged EXEC mode in Cisco IOS?
enable
125
What command is used to enter global configuration mode in Cisco IOS?
configure terminal
126
What command is used to configure an unencrypted password to protect privileged EXEC mode?
enable password
127
How to enter privileged EXEC mode?
enable
128
How to enter global configuration mode?
configure terminal
129
How to configure an unencrypted password for privileged EXEC mode?
enable password
130
How to return to privileged EXEC mode?
exit
131
What two configuration files are kept on the device?
running-config, startup-config
132
How to view the running configuration?
show running-config
133
How to view the startup configuration?
show startup-config
134
Which three commands can be used to save the configuration?
write ## Footnote write memory ## Footnote copy running-config startup-config
135
How to encrypt current and future passwords on the device?
service password-encryption
136
How to configure an MD5-encrypted enable password?
enable secret
137
Which keyword is used to execute privileged EXEC commands in global configuration mode?
do
138
Which keyword is used to remove a configured command?
no ## Footnote Example: no service password-encryption
139
What type of encryption does the service password-encryption command use?
7
140
What type of encryption does enable secret use?
5
141
If service password-encryption is removed, will currently encrypted passwords be decrypted?
No
142
What is the only field in an Ethernet trailer?
FCS (Frame Check Sequence)
143
What are the 5 fields of an Ethernet header?
Preamble, SFD, Destination, Source, Type/Length
144
What does 'SFD' in an Ethernet header stand for?
Start Frame Delimiter
145
What does 'FCS' in an Ethernet frame stand for?
Frame Check Sequence
146
How many bytes is the Ethernet header 'Preamble'?
7
147
How many bytes is the Ethernet header 'SFD'?
1
148
How many bytes is the Ethernet header 'Destination'?
6
149
How many bytes is the Ethernet header 'Source'?
6
150
How many bytes is the Ethernet header 'Type/Length'?
2
151
How many bytes is the Ethernet trailer 'FCS'?
4
152
Which field of an Ethernet header is used for synchronization?
Preamble
153
What is the bit pattern of one byte in the Ethernet preamble?
10101010
154
What is the bit pattern of the Ethernet SFD?
10101011
155
Which field of an Ethernet header marks the end of the preamble?
SFD
156
What does MAC stand for?
Media Access Control
157
How long is a MAC address in bytes?
6
158
How long is a MAC address in bits?
48
159
What value or less in the Type/Length field indicates Length?
1500
160
What value or greater in the Type/Length field indicates Type?
1536
161
What is the Ethernet Type value for IPv4 in hexadecimal?
0x0800
162
What is the Ethernet Type value for IPv6 in hexadecimal?
0x86DD
163
What kind of algorithm does the Ethernet FCS use?
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
164
What is another name for a MAC address?
BIA (Burned-In Address)
165
How many bytes of a MAC address are the OUI?
3
166
What are the first 3 bytes of a MAC address?
OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)
167
How many hexadecimal characters is a MAC address written as?
12
168
Hexadecimal A equals Decimal?
10
169
Hexadecimal B equals Decimal?
11
170
Hexadecimal C equals Decimal?
12
171
Hexadecimal D equals Decimal?
13
172
Hexadecimal E equals Decimal?
14
173
Hexadecimal F equals Decimal?
15
174
What is a unicast frame?
A frame destined for a single target.
175
What is a MAC address learned by a switch without manual configuration called?
Dynamic MAC address (Dynamically learned MAC address)
176
What does a switch do with an unknown unicast frame?
Floods it out all ports (except the one it was received on)
177
A switch will flood an unknown unicast frame?
Yes
178
By default, how long will a dynamic MAC address remain in the MAC address table after inactivity?
5 minutes
179
Which field of an Ethernet frame does a switch use to learn and populate its MAC address table?
Source MAC Address
180
What is the size of the Ethernet header + trailer (no Preamble + SFD)?
18 bytes
181
What is the minimum size of an Ethernet frame?
64 bytes
182
What is the minimum size of an Ethernet payload?
46 bytes
183
What protocol is used to discover the Layer 2 address of another device?
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
184
What two messages are used in ARP?
ARP Request ## Footnote ARP Reply
185
The ARP Request message is what type of cast?
broad
186
The ARP Reply message is what type of cast?
uni
187
What is the broadcast MAC address?
FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
188
What is the command to view the ARP table on a Windows, macOS, or Linux computer?
arp -a
189
What two messages are used in ping?
ICMP Echo Request ## Footnote ICMP Echo Reply
190
What is the process of clearing addresses from the MAC address table after inactivity called?
aging
191
How to clear all dynamic MAC addresses from the MAC Address Table?
clear mac address-table dynamic
192
How to view the MAC Address Table?
show mac address-table
193
How to clear all entries for a specific dynamic MAC address from the MAC Address Table?
clear mac address-table dynamic address
194
How to clear all dynamic MAC addresses on a specific interface from the MAC Address Table?
clear mac address-table dynamic interface
195
What is the Ethernet Type code for an ARP packet?
0x0806
196
What is the command to show the ARP table on a Cisco device?
show arp
197
What is the length of an IP address in bits?
32 bits
198
What is the length of an IP address in bytes?
4
199
What are the groups of 8 bits in an IP address called?
octets
200
What is the maximum value for a binary octet?
255
201
What is the numeric range of the first octet of a class A IPv4 address?
0-127
202
What is the numeric range of the first octet of a class B IPv4 address?
128-191
203
What is the numeric range of the first octet of a class C IPv4 address?
192-223
204
What is the numeric range of the first octet of a class D IPv4 address?
224-239
205
What is the numeric range of the first octet of a class E IPv4 address?
240-255
206
What is the binary bit pattern of the first octet of a class A IPv4 address?
0xxxxxxx
207
What is the binary bit pattern of the first octet of a class B IPv4 address?
10xxxxxx
208
What is the binary bit pattern of the first octet of a class C IPv4 address?
110xxxxx
209
What is the binary bit pattern of the first octet of a class D IPv4 address?
1110xxxx
210
What is the binary bit pattern of the first octet of a class E IPv4 address?
1111xxxx
211
What is the class D IPv4 address range reserved for?
Multicast addresses
212
What is the class E IPv4 address range reserved for?
Experimental purposes
213
IPv4 addresses beginning with 127 are used for what kind of addresses?
loopback
214
What kind of address is used to test the network software stack on the local device?
loopback address
215
What is the prefix length of a class A IPv4 address?
/8
216
What is the prefix length of a class B IPv4 address?
/16
217
What is the prefix length of a class C IPv4 address?
/24
218
What is the netmask for a /8 prefix length?
255.0.0.0
219
What is the netmask for a /16 prefix length?
255.255.0.0
220
What is the netmask for a /24 prefix length?
255.255.255.0
221
If the host portion of an IPv4 address is all 0s, what kind of address is it?
network address
222
If the host portion of an IPv4 address is all 1s, what kind of address is it?
broadcast address
223
What is the formula to calculate the maximum number of hosts in a network?
(2^n)-2 ## Footnote (n = number of host bits)
224
Which IPv4 address class contains a total of 128 networks?
Class A
225
Which IPv4 address class contains a total of 16,384 networks?
Class B
226
Which IPv4 address class contains a total of 2,097,152 networks?
Class C
227
Which IPv4 address class allows a total of 16,777,214 hosts per network?
Class A
228
Which IPv4 address class allows a total of 65,534 hosts per network?
Class B
229
Which IPv4 address class allows a total of 254 hosts per network?
Class C
230
If an interface has the shutdown command applied to it, what will the 'status' column of show ip interface brief display?
administratively down
231
The 'Status' field of the show ip interface brief command shows the Layer 1 status of the interface.
1
232
The 'Protocol' field of the show ip interface brief command shows the Layer 2 status of the interface.
2
233
What field of the show ip interface brief command shows the Layer 1 status of the interface?
Status
234
What field of the show ip interface brief command shows the Layer 2 status of the interface?
Protocol
235
Are interfaces on Cisco routers administratively down by default?
Yes
236
Are interfaces on Cisco switches administratively down by default?
No
237
What is the command to configure an IP address on an interface?
ip address ## Footnote Example: ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
238
What is the command to configure a description on an interface?
description ## Footnote Example: description ## to SW1 ##
239
How to display the configured description of each interface on a router?
show interfaces description
240
In the output of show ip interface brief, what state will router interfaces be in by default?
administratively down/down
241
In the output of show ip interface brief, what state will switch interfaces be in by default if connected to another device?
up/up
242
In the output of show ip interface brief, what state will switch interfaces be in by default if not connected to another device?
down/down
243
What is the default speed setting of an interface?
auto
244
What is the default duplex setting of an interface?
auto
245
How to configure a speed of 100 Mbps on an interface?
speed 100
246
How to configure full duplex on an interface?
duplex full
247
Which command lets you configure multiple interfaces at the same time?
interface range
248
In full duplex mode, can an interface send and receive data at the same time?
Yes
249
In half duplex mode, can an interface send and receive data at the same time?
No
250
At which layer of the OSI model do Ethernet hubs operate?
1
251
What do Ethernet devices use to detect and prevent collisions on half-duplex interfaces?
CSMA/CD
252
What does CSMA/CD stand for?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
253
Are all devices connected to an Ethernet hub in the same collision domain?
Yes
254
Are all devices connected to an Ethernet switch in the same collision domain?
No
255
Devices attached to an Ethernet hub must operate in what duplex mode?
half
256
Devices attached to a switch can operate in what duplex mode?
full
257
Which show interfaces error counter counts frames that are smaller than the minimum frame size (64 bytes)?
runt
258
Which show interfaces error counter counts frames that are larger than the maximum frame size (1518 bytes)?
giant
259
Which show interfaces error counter counts frames that failed their error check in the Ethernet FCS trailer?
CRC
260
Which show interfaces error counter counts frames that are smaller than the minimum frame size?
runts
261
Which show interfaces error counter counts frames that are larger than the maximum frame size?
giants
262
Which show interfaces error counter counts frames that have an incorrect/illegal format?
frame
263
Which show interfaces error counter is the total of various counters of errors received by the device?
input errors
264
Which show interfaces error counter counts frames the switch tried to send, but failed due to an error?
output errors
265
The IPv4 header 'Version' field is how many bits in length?
4
266
A value of what in the IP header 'Version' field indicates IP version 4?
4 (binary 0100)
267
A value of what in the IP header 'Version' field indicates IP version 6?
6 (binary 0110)
268
IPv4 header: What does 'IHL' stand for?
Internet Header Length
269
IPv4 header: The 'IHL' field is how many bits in length?
4
270
IPv4 Header: The IHL field specifies the length of the header in what increments?
4-byte (32 bit)
271
IPv4 header: What is the minimum value of the IHL field?
5
272
IPv4 header: What is the maximum value of the IHL field?
15
273
What is the maximum length of the IPv4 header?
60 bytes
274
What is the minimum length of the IPv4 header?
20 bytes
275
IPv4 header: What does 'DSCP' stand for?
Differentiated Services Code Point
276
IPv4 header: The 'DSCP' field is how many bits in length?
6
277
IPv4 header: Which field is used to prioritize delay-sensitive network traffic?
DSCP
278
IPv4 header: What does 'ECN' stand for?
Explicit Congestion Notification
279
IPv4 header: The 'ECN' field is how many bits in length?
2
280
IPv4 header: Which field provides end-to-end notification of network congestion?
ECN
281
IPv4 header: The 'Total Length' field is how many bits in length?
16
282
IPv4 header: Which field indicates the total length of the packet?
Total Length
283
IPv4 header: What is the minimum value of the 'Total Length' field?
20 (=IPv4 header with no encapsulated data)
284
IPv4 header: What is the maximum value of the 'Total Length' field?
65,535
285
IPv4 header: The 'Identification' field is how many bits in length?
16
286
IPv4 header: Which field is used to identify which packet a fragment belongs to?
Identification
287
IPv4 header: All fragments of the same packet will have the same value in which field?
Identification
288
IPv4 packets are fragmented if they are larger than the what?
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)
289
What does 'MTU' stand for?
Maximum Transmission Unit
290
The MTU is usually how many bytes?
1500
291
IPv4 header: The 'Flags' field is how many bits in length?
3
292
Unfragmented IPv4 packets will always have the MF bit set to what?
0
293
IPv4 header 'Flags' field: Bit what = Reserved, always set to 0?
0
294
IPv4 header 'Flags' field: Bit what = DF bit?
1
295
IPv4 header 'Flags' field: Bit what = MF bit?
2
296
IPv4 header 'Flags' field: What does 'DF bit' stand for?
Don't Fragment bit
297
IPv4 header 'Flags' field: What does 'MF bit' stand for?
More Fragments bit
298
IPv4 header: The 'Fragment Offset' field is how many bits in length?
13
299
IPv4 header: Which field is used to indicate the position of a fragment within an original, unfragmented IP packet?
Fragment Offset
300
IPv4 header: The 'TTL' field is how many bits in length?
8
301
The recommended default TTL of an IPv4 packet is what?
64
302
A router will drop a packet with a TTL of what?
0
303
IPv4 header: Which field is used to prevent infinite routing loops?
TTL
304
IPv4 header: What does 'TTL' stand for?
Time to Live
305
IPv4 header: The 'Protocol' field is how many bits in length?
8
306
IPv4 header: Which field indicates the protocol of the encapsulated L4PDU?
Protocol
307
IPv4 header 'Protocol' field: Value of what = TCP?
6
308
IPv4 header 'Protocol' field: Value of 6 = what?
TCP
309
IPv4 header 'Protocol' field: Value of what = UDP?
17
310
IPv4 header 'Protocol' field: Value of 17 = what?
UDP
311
IPv4 header 'Protocol' field: Value of what = ICMP?
1
312
IPv4 header 'Protocol' field: Value of what = OSPF?
89
313
IPv4 header: The 'Checksum' field is how many bits in length?
16
314
IPv4 header: Which field is used to check for errors in the header?
Header Checksum
315
IPv4 header: The 'Source IP Address' field is how many bits in length?
32
316
IPv4 header: The 'Destination IP Address' field is how many bits in length?
32
317
IPv4 header: What is the minimum length of the 'Options' field?
0 bits
318
IPv4 header: What is the maximum length of the 'Options' field?
320 bits / 40 bytes
Exam Prep - CCNA
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